Fiction †Love Essay

The two literary works that I have chosen were â€Å"Country Lovers† and â€Å"What It’s like to be a Black Girl†, to me they share the same theme of Race and Ethnicity. Country Lovers was a really good short story that described lovers of the country. What it’s like to be a Black Girl was a short poem that talked about the background of race and the dilemma of ethnicity. To me the poem and the short story both talked about race and ethnicity, they were both represented and distinguished by the black female. She was considered as the main character in both poems. After reading the short story Country Lovers and the poem, What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl I concluded that they were using the same theme like race or ethnicity. The short story and poem were briefly explained, and the two literary works were based on a black female. The short story Country Lovers written by Nadine Gordimer in 1975 happened on a South African farm, I found this story to be very heartfelt; about true love between Thebedi and Paulus. Thebedi was a black girl who worked on a farm, and Paulus was a young white boy in South Africa. Paulus was the son of a farm owner, and once I read the story it was evident that the theme was about the interracial problems and relationships. The Story was based on love, which is something I loved about the story. The main characters were Thebedi and Paulus, as they grew they started spending more time together. Something that stood put to me was that Paulus was the son Thebedi’s farm owner. Thebedi’s father was the servant of the owner of the farm Mr. Eysendyck’s, so Thebedi had grown up as a farm girl working as a servant for Paulus father. When Paulus was about twelve or thirteen he wanted to go off to school for higher studies, so they will be separated. This story mainly describes their interracial relationships, the innocent love they share for each other, and the gifts they shared. Later on in the story the narrator clearly explained about the couples break ups, that takes place when it comes to the side of education. Later on in the story Thebedi became pregnant, Paulus did not know she was pregnant. She told her friends in the carol that she has a boyfriend or a sweetheart in the farm, and nobody knew about it. Thrbedi’s friends teased but admired her, the story also talks about another boy named Njabulo who liked her and wanted to buy her a belt and some earrings. The word love in this short story to me was considered to be lust; lust played a great role in the story. Lust takes over as described here when Paulus has no regards, the story talks about how he gets into water with other girls. â€Å"The schoolgirls he went swimming with at dams or pools on neighboring farms wore bikinis but the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now when the girl came up the bank and sat beside him, the drops of water beading off her dark legs the only points of light in the earth smelling deep shade. They were not afraid of one another, they had known one another always; he did with her what he had done that time in the storeroom at the wedding, and this time it was so lovely, so lovely, he was surprised and she was surprised by it too, he could see in her dark face that was part of the shade, with her big dark eyes, shiny as soft water, watching him attentively: as she had when they used to huddle over their teams of mud oxen, as she had when he told her about detention weekends at school. † (Clugston, 2010). The racial and ethical dilemma occurrence also becomes a noticeable factor as we read further into this short story; Paulus Eysendyck arrives home from the veterinary college he was attending for the holidays. Upon drinking a glass of fresh milk in his mother’s kitchen he over hears a conversation between the servants in the house say â€Å"where they could get a reliable substitute to help out now that the girl Thebedi had a baby† he became shocked and had to find out the truth immediately for himself, so he goes to Thrbedi’s hut by the kraal to see for himself and also a place he had never been since he was a small boy. When he reaches the hut and see’s the baby first hand â€Å"He struggled for a moment with a grimace of tears, anger, and self-pity. She could not put out her hand to him. He said, â€Å"You haven’t been near the house with it? â€Å"’ (Clugston, 2010). So now in this part of the story we can truly see that it is illustrated, that the truth is and was a racial and ethical dilemma. Back then it was forbidden to have a mixed child, being of black and white ethical backgrounds. Paulus also has thoughts of killing himself and his certain reactions, his tone and choice of words reflect on racial dilemma, they both smelled trouble brewing in the air . Their forbidden relationship shows how he knew that such thing was not tolerated in his community; it was unacceptable in this ethical society. References Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

History DBQ

Ancient World: Civilizations and Religion Thousands of years ago, Ancient River Civilizations were thriving. At the time, they were like Paris, France, London, England or New York, New York; they were the places everyone wanted to be. These river civilizations established farming, formal religious rituals, governments, and writing and with all of these put together, they eventually became popular cities that created technology that made life much easier. You might have heard of many of these well known ancient civilizations such as: Mesopotamia,Egypt, India, and China. None of these civilizations would have been known if they hadn't made use of the technology and ways of living they developed. Ancient Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, is one of the many well known river civilizations. Ancient Mesopotamia consisted of city states including Assyria, Babylon, and many others. According to Document #1 , at around BBC, Assyrian physicians came up with the brill iant idea of using bandages to reduce swelling and to heal wounds. Might this be where the creation of â€Å"Band-Aids† started?It's always a possibility; the Ancient Mesopotamia created this thousands of years ago and we kept the invention growing because it worked. With the creation of the bandage, the Mesopotamia gained some thrill points in the area of medicine. The idea that was probably thought of as absurd eventually ended up being a technology that everybody uses to prevent wounds from becoming worse than what they start as. Bandages are still being used and updated in the 21st century. Imagine bandages in the next hundred years! Bandages weren't the only things Mesopotamia could boast about creating! Document #3 mentions that inBabylon, between 600 and BBC, Manipulators, king of Babylon, started developing the building of the Great Ramparts of Babylon. However, by the time Unpopularity's reign was ending, he had not yet finished the Great Ramparts. So his eldest son, Nebuchadnezzar, finished the Ramparts for his father. The finished Ramparts had a moat, 2 strong walls made of burnt brick circling the area, and fences 2. These Ramparts provided a type of safety barrier for the Babylonians. It protected them from the outside world; it was almost impossible from anyone to get in, and unless you knew a passageway, it was hard to get out.The next River civilization is Ancient Egypt. Egypt, located near the Nile River, was well known for many things. These things included their new means of travel, their process of mummification, their pyramids, and many more! If you've read the Kane Chronicles Series by Rick Ordain, you would already have some background information in mind about Ancient Egypt. However, in case you haven't read the book, the picture in Document #2 shows that when it came to transportation across the Nile, navigation was tough.Not many people were able to get through the Niles cataracts, rocks, rapids and waterfalls and hill they wer e traveling across the Nile, things happened and they were never seen again. So, the Egyptians created a boat called a Baroque. The Baroque helped travel across the Nile become easier. Baroque's were stronger than most other boats, so crashing into a rock once or twice didn't cause much damage. The Ancient Egyptians were also huge on domesticating plants and animals. They domesticated as much as cows down to the papyrus plant that they used to draw this primary source!The domesticated animals mainly helped with transportation on land and with food. The animals with higher populations could easily be killed to make food the same way we kill pigs, chicken, and cows to eat. The bigger animals such as cows could help carry things necessary to make even the smallest voyage into the desert. That's not the only thing Egyptians are known for! While the creation of the baroque bought Egypt thrill points in travel and the domestication of plants and animals bought the same in farming, the Anc ient civilization's most known skill was mummification.Document #4 describes the process of mummification. First, the embalmers, also known as the people who mummify the body, take out all of the body's organs and store them in separate Jars. Each lung gets a big Jar, the heart gets a medium sized Jar, the eyes are removed and put in smaller Jars, so on and so forth. The embalmers then slice open the corpse and fill the stomach with spices and herbs to make sure the body doesn't smell extremely bad after time. They then sew the body back together and put the body in salt for 70 days to mummify.After the 70 days, they wrap the corpse in bandages bonded by gum and put the body in a caskets. This entire process was done to King Tutu, and other pharaohs of the time. The mummification process bought experience to the Ancient Egyptians on medicine and preservation. Ancient India is another river civilization that advanced over the creation and use of new technologies. Located in the Indus River Valley, India created very unique towns in comparison to most other river civilizations.As shown in Document #6, Ancient India was an urban area with lots of streets and houses. Ancient India back then was similar to the Urbana of New York currently. There were houses from 1 story to 3 stories made of bricks, and these houses all had yards, Just like most houses in neighborhoods do. Each house was circled by a fence and right out of those fences we streets that led to other houses or other places. The ancient Indus civilization also had drainage systems in every house that led to the main street where there was lots of room to store the civilization's waste.I personally believe that the Indus River civilization was the most similar to America today because of the fact that their cities were so urbanize. Ancient China, located between the Yanking and Yellow rivers is the last major Ancient River civilization. China is well known today for exporting the majority of America's go ods. However, according to Document #7, during the 1 lath century BC, China was big with silk. If you've read Project Mulberry by Linda Sue Park, it tells a story of a young Chinese girl that does a project relating to the silk creating rates of silkworms in Mulberry trees.This was called sericulture. In Ancient China, Chinese people domesticated silkworms to create tons of silk. They eventually ended up weaving that silk into clothing and embroidery and the Chinese Civilization started trading the silk the same way they trade goods today. The trading of the silk clothing ended up making the civilization richer and richer day by day! Silk wasn't the only thing China had! According to Document #5, in the bronze age, the Chinese River Civilization suddenly doubled in strength.During this time, they created horse drawn chariots, a new form of writing, their own calendar, and social classes. With all of these elements, China finally became a full civilization with technologies supportin g it. To conclude, the four Ancient River Valleys started off as nothing, but eventually, with the help of technology, Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China all ended up being lots more than what they started off as. The increase of the usage of cosmologies in the civilizations really helped them thrive as a whole and become the civilizations we know them as today.

The Relationship between Entrepreneuship, Innocation and Economic Essay

The Relationship between Entrepreneuship, Innocation and Economic Development - Essay Example A variety of theories and policy approaches have been advanced with Keynesian influenced stimulus packages being infused into Western economies with varying degrees of success. Still, a growing body of support has turned to the potentials of economic development occurring through entrepreneurship and innovation. Theorists such as Joseph Schumpeter argue that entrepreneurship and innovation are core elements for economic development, and subsequent city and state governments have oftentimes-established incubators and given increased funding to ensure that innovation is supported. This essay examines the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development. The essay also considers the role creativity and problem solving play in this relationship, with reference to both theory and examples from the business world. Analysis When examining the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic development perhaps the most groundbreaking theorist has bee n Joseph Schumpeter. While Schumpeter’s insights into economic development span a wide array of understandings, there are a number of specific considerations that are relevant for this specific mode of investigation. One of Schumpeter’s most important notions is that of ‘creative destruction’. ... Individuals such as Alan Greenspan have noted that this process underlines economic development. He notes, â€Å""Capitalism expands wealth primarily through creative destruction—the process by which the cash flow from obsolescent, low-return capital is invested in high-return, cutting-edge technologies" (Greenspan 2002). There are a number of specific means by which entrepreneurship and innovation carries out such creative destruction. In his text ‘Theory of Economic Development’ Schumpeter argued that entrepreneurship didn’t simply create new industries, but also resulted in the combination of past industries (Schumpeter 1982). One example of this is that the development of the steam engine combined with carriage development techniques to form the automobile. The development of the automobile then drastically shifts previously held economic and social structural elements, reenergizing the economy and contributing to economic development. While Schumpeter ’s theories have received a degree of criticism that remain prominent and highly relevant in the contemporary world environment. In large part, Schumpeter’s understanding of entrepreneurship and innovation as contributing to economic development has been echoed through endogenous growth theory. This perspective contends that a nation’s economic growth occurs through internal rather than external factors. In this context of understanding it’s clear how Schumpeter’s theory on entrepreneurship is squarely rooted within the endogenous means of growth. While entrepreneurship is popularly viewed in terms of inventions and small business owners, in further examining its impact on economic development one must consider the more abstract notion of innovation

What effect national cultural has on the marketing strategies of Essay

What effect national cultural has on the marketing strategies of business - Essay Example This essay discusses that as businesses expand into the international markets, it is imperative to better understand why a business, successful in one country, fails in its foreign markets. One major reason is that firms fail to understand and account for national cultural differences. This led to the 1990 mandate by the Marketing Science Institute to examine national cultural effects on market orientation for the firm. From this mandate came numerous theoretical and empirical works. The works studied two main areas, the affects of national culture on business performance and the affects of national culture on marketing efforts. Academic works on national cultural effects on marketing efforts lead to a split in the theory. It is argued for the globalization strategy that predicted consumer tastes would converge and marketing efforts should be directed toward standardization of products and marketing strategies. On the other side, Quelch and Hoff, Douglas and Wind, and de Mooij & Hofs tede contend that standardized global markets are a myth and that each nation requires firms to adapt and customize their products and marketing strategies. Both theories have strong arguments and empirical evidence to support their claims. Proceeding from the premise that retail marketing strategies are a key component to revenue generation for the retailer, this study, especially when it comes to retailing, subscribes to the theory that national culture should have an affect on the marketing strategy of the firm. These strategies can mean the success or failure of the company. To market effectively to the consumer, the marketer must understand what motivates the consumer to purchase at their store and not their competitors. 1.2 Statement of the Problem Numerous authors have studied various market theories and models with respect to national cultural effects. Their works looked at the specifics of marketing tasks to culture (micromarketing view) and the marketing concept to culture (macro marketing view). However, there are no significant works on the view between the micromarketing and the macromarketing in which the realm of marketing strategy falls. One reason for this is that it is typically a more difficult area to study. Each type of business dictates a different marketing strategy. It is easier to study very specific items, such as culture to product development (Hill & Still 1984; Imai & Takeuchi 1985; Nakata 1996), or culture to product choice. (Fawcett 1999; Luna & Gupta 2001) Or study very broad topics, such as national culture to market orientation. (Deshpande, Farley & Webster, 1993) However, the study of marketing strategy is between the micro and macro marketing views making it difficult to develop theories that are testable. Overall marketing strategy is too broad to practically study, yet not homogeneous enough to relate to as a whole. Therefore, to study this area requires the creation of artificial boundaries. Since it is such a difficult area to study authors have not published any significant research that may lead to a better understanding of why businesses have failed in their international efforts. Moreover, there is still debate among the academic community concerning the relevance of national culture in regards to customization versus standardization of products and marketing efforts. (Levitt, 1983; Ohrnae, 1989; Yip 1989; Deadrick, 1997; Olsen 2001) 1.3 Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to determine what effect national cultural has on the marketing strategies of business. Since marketing strategy is different for each type of business the only way to successfully study marketing strategy to national culture is to limit the study to one specific type of business. In this paper, the author looks to relate the marketing str

Code of ethics Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Code of ethics - Movie Review Example The movie outlines some important evidence as to how Modern Corporation is becoming a dominating influence in the society. It is increasingly becoming more influential not only in the decision making process of the government but also controlling other resources. As a result of this trend, the public may not be able to enjoy or entitle to goods and services which are the basic duties of a State to provide for. The encroachment of corporations into the domains of government therefore considered as one of the key ethical areas of concerns from public policy perspectives. Though the point of view of modern corporations has also been depicted in the movie however, this movie has been successful in highlighting important ethical and non-ethical issues. These issues include control over free resources, the role of government in providing free services as well as the replacement of the conventional power of Church, Government as well as Monarchs by the modern

Sustainable Talent Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sustainable Talent Management - Research Paper Example hanges within the employees sector. In this paper we are going to evaluate different talent management processes to sustain the talents and the organization’s work force in the lon run. Context of Performance management Process Performance management seeks to ensure efficiency and reliability in achieving the pre-defined goals in line with the laid out procedures. In modern organizations there are different departments which are run/ assigned to different professionals who have not only specialized with the field but have other side skills and talents which can be modelled to fit with the department/ organization’s culture. Performance and potential of a given employees forms the basis of employing optimum measure and prediction of his/ reliability in future (Cokins, 2009). Long Cycle performance measure: This is whereby I evaluate the employee’s productivity annually, semi-annually or on quarterly basis. This process gives an insight of long term fairing of the employee’s reaction to the business environment, application of his extra skills and how they converge/interact with his immediate tasks over the given period of time and the changes from the external business forces. Short-Cycle Performance measure: On this evaluation, I would consider gauging the employee’s performance on either weekly, by-weekly or on monthly basis. Depending on the nature of the project, some areas require urgency and to ascertain the individual to be assigned to these areas require critical analysis of their speed in responding to critical issues within a selected department. For instance, a qualified Accountant with extra skills in software management and can work with strict deadlines, will be a resource towards the end of a project where much needs to be done with a fixed deadline. Micro Performance measure: Measurement based on shortest time spans of minute, hours or a day. The diversity of talents within an organization will enable me to asce rtain who can work better on some issues during different hours of the day and how much he can achieve with respect to his/her colleagues. The above performance measure processes can be pegged on Program specific output which generally defines the expected departmental results; Program specific performance measure due to diversity of program/department needs and the corporate culture/ laid out policies/procedures within that department; Respective employee’s specialization and performance within an assigned task, and all governed by the organization’s strategic goal and objective. This will ensure a sustainable talent management because reliable data will be available on the employee’s competencies, their time response and consolidation with the organization’s goals with time. In management of talent pools managers are required to develop both short term and long term talent review process to maintain smooth running of the organization’s personnel. With major objectives of recruiting, developing, rewarding and maintaining a sustainable work

Revolutions that caused the most change in western society and culture Term Paper - 1

Revolutions that caused the most change in western society and culture - Term Paper Example The transition from agrarian society to trade and commerce which required skilled labor, led to higher productive outcome. The division of labor was focused on technology based specialized skills which could be efficiently exploited within the industries to enhance productivity. Industrial revolution was important breakthrough in manufacturing process as it mechanized the production process through new techniques, machineries and methods into the industrial areas. Through the invention of steam engine, railroad system was created which facilitated transportation of goods and services across wider regions, thus developing stronger network of market for goods across the nations. The industrial revolution brought in radical changes in the socio-political and cultural arenas. Work experience was transformed through technology which not only increased productivity but also offered new opportunities of work to the people, thereby increasing family income. The easy transportation provided people with greater varieties of goods and therefore made markets more competitive. Most importantly, the revolution also helped people to travel greater distances and interact with people coming from different culture, race and color. Indeed, innovations in the field of consumer goods and luxury items significantly impacted the lifestyle of the people who quickly adopted technology within their lives. The American Revolution (1775-1783) is considered as one of the key events in the annals of the history of contemporary times because it brought into existence, the world’s most powerful, developed and wealthy nation. The revolution changed the very dynamics of political geography of the world when defeat of the British forces led to the independence of 13 British colonies of North and forming United States of America. The democratic tenets of American constitution greatly facilitated the changing socio-economic

Feminism in Women Hollering Creek Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Feminism in Women Hollering Creek - Essay Example My area of concern is how majority of the characters have the stereotypical outlook towards genders especially the men embodying the machismo while the women are depicted as being weak and also naive. While not belonging to any land whether Mexico or America, the Chicana protagonists intently look out for their identity and this just ends up negatively as their dreams end up shattered with abuse and neglect this is brought out clearly in the text with the emphasis being on how the female generation struggles while at the same time the author brings out the other side of the readers with the tales of the lives of immigrants especially the Mexican immigrants and their personality as a society. My main goal in this paper is to analyze the themes associated with feminism in the story â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek† by Sandra Cisneros. The theme of feminism will be analyzed from the perspective of similarities and differences between the cultures that are displayed by the story. This will be split between into sections with each looking at different aspect of cultures that are presented. Also under this section will be the historical context and a brief preview of the story by the author which depicts how the society is brought out. As the last part, I will be concluding with my thoughts on the story and the themes discussed especially the aspect of feminism and how the Mexican culture has been presented in relation to the women. Woman Hollering Creek The story is the title of the book by the same name; â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek†. It revolves around a Mexican woman by the name Cleofilas Enriqueta DeLeon Hernandez who has a belief she will live ever happily ever after; she marries a man by the name Juan Pedro Martinez Sanchez after her father consents the marriage. Thereafter she leaves her father and her six brothers in Mexico, the couple drive across the border to â€Å"el otro lado†- the other side; a dusty little town called Seguin in Texas. I t is here in Texas that she wants to start a new life as a wife in a ramshackle house but her hopes and aspirations of having a happy marriage are dashed just like the characters she watches in the telenovelas. Across a stream by the name Woman Hollering Creek, Cleofilas finds out that she had left a boring yet peaceful life with the family that she shared (her father and six brothers). All through her marriage with Juan; the relationship is tumultuous as Pedro is unfaithful, abusive and also leaves her in isolation most of the time. Her new life that was supposed to be full of passion like the ones she had seen in the telenovelas becomes â€Å"sadder and sadder† with each episode even though she has a belief that â€Å"when one finds, finally, the great love of one's life, [one] does whatever one can, must do, at whatever the case to protect it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This results to her being depressed and the same time develops a keen interest she has on her legendary icon on the t elenovelas, la llorona, and the creek that is named after her legendary icon that runs behind her house. However, unlike the â€Å"weeping woman† in the telenovela; who chooses death as a solution and means to escape her unloving husband, Cleofilas in a sense chooses life and this will help in dealing with her problem. With the aid of

Dissertation article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dissertation article - Essay Example Quality: The topic chosen in the paper is quite interesting. Studying security threats has always interested to the masses especially after the internet boom in the early 1990s. Protection of personal valuable data is one of the majors reasons for the developing interest in cyber security. Regarding research into earlier work the paper hasn’t identified a lot of previous works by different researchers especially considering the fact that there is so much literature present regarding computer security, vulnerability and cyber threats (Lowe & Byres, 2004). However the lack of literature can be explained due to the fact that VoIP has only recently gained popularity. In order to obtain maximum information regarding the threats the authors of the paper have conducted vast researches using various books and secondary sources. The paper also uses various case studies of companies that provide security to organizations and personal users using VoIP. The facts stated in the paper are c orrect and provide an excellent detail of all the threats that is faced by every organization and user making use of VoIP technology. The authors have also been able to identify and discussed all measures that can be taken against these threats. For future studies the authors of the paper have summarized required efforts into two categories. The first factor that the authors recommend is focusing on the improving the security structure of VoIP services. The second factor that the author points out is the need to set proper standards regarding the security of VoIP systems. Structure of the paper: The paper was very well structured in terms of headings. The paper started with the abstract where the author explains briefly the purpose of the paper and an overview of what VoIP is. The next section covers the introduction of VoIP technology in detail and provides details of its working. The main body of the article has been divided into two sections. The first section provides a brief in troduction of what security is and why is it important to VoIP. After introduction to security the first section then deals with discussing what the potential threats there are to the VoIP system. The second section then deals with recommendations made by the authors on how to prevent these attacks. The third section of the paper states the conclusion drawn by the authors from their research paper. Conclusion is one of the most vital parts of the research paper. The conclusion sums up all the work of the paper and sheds a light on whether or not the research question was answered (Wallwork, 2011). The last part of the paper covers the reference list and works cited by authors. The paper was written in simple English and could easily be understood by various readers who have slight knowledge regarding the field of computer science. The flow of the paper was also quite nice different parts of the paper were related to each other. As for the length of the paper the paper was of ten pag es which is regarded by many as the average length of research papers (Bing, 1988). Conclusion: The analysis of the paper brought three main factors about the paper into light. For the first factor is that is compared to the literature available on the subject, the authors have not provided enough support to their claims in the paper. Adding more references in a paper increases the credibility of

Moral Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Moral Issues - Essay Example Also, engineering is increasingly required to satisfy continuing education requirements in order to keep their professional status. The ethics integrity is based on the principle of fairness and moral rules. This ethics integrity moral and social responsibility issues, fair attitude towards customers and colleagues. Clients served by engineers have no choice but to rely upon their lawyers for expert advice. Engineers are assumed to have a command of a complicated and changing subject matter; that is why they have been hired. But this also means that clients are rarely able to assess the engineering professional's competence. This is true in engineering as well as in the other professions. In engineering profession, this is a more complex notion because of the issue of third parties (Bentham, 2000). Engineering ethics integrity is based on the Judeo-Christian ethic. This ethics generally considered to be the foundation of Western ethical and moral principles. "In performing professional services for a client, a (structural engineer) has the duty to have that degree of learning and skill ordinarily possessed by reputable (structural engineers), practicing in the same or similar locality and under similar circumstances" (Kardon 1999). In engendering, like duties of justice, "the standard of care" does not arise because of any culpability on the part of the organization. "The standard of care" rests upon the mere fact that there are other beings in the world whose condition can be made better. If the organization recognizes these beings and is able to improve their condition, then a "the standard of care" arises. The fact that "the standard of care" is recognized by managers of organization is demonstrated by the fact that they cause the corporations to make charitable contributio ns. One is hard pressed to swallow utilitarian way of thinking that such contributions may in the long run improve profitability by the formation of goodwill. In fact, the best arguments against such action are utilitarian in nature (Mill, 2002). Ethics integrity involves duties of self-improvement which are the most difficult duties of engineers to translate to an organization. Duties of self-improvement rest on the issue that one can improve his/her own condition with respect to good value or intelligence. An example is the practice of organizations paying the cost of sending managers to universities to improve their skills and knowledge. Utilitarians would undoubtedly argue that such achievement is taken to improve profits through lower costs generated from the better management the organization expects to receive from better-educated managers. Organizations would undeniably justify this practice on such utilitarian grounds. Though, the ethics must truly be stretched to translate an individual manager's education to the bottom line. A more credible explanation for such things as classes in human relations might be found in the desire to fulfill a duty for self-improvement. For example, one could argue

Mining Rare Earth Metals Essay Example for Free

Mining Rare Earth Metals Essay I believe that Canada should be involved in the rare earth metals mining industry. Rare earth metals are an essential part of everyday modern life (and of growing importance). They are used from everything from cell phones to environmentally friendly technologies such as wind turbines and hybrid engines. The mining of these metals would provide many benefits to Canada. It makes great economic sense because right now China is a supply and demand crisis so they are exporting less metal every year. If Canada were to enter the mining not only would it create thousands of jobs in one area where unemployment is a little bit of a problem but we could also pick up the slack of Chinas export problem and make billions. Besides the obvious economic implications, I believe that mining these metals cold have serious political and environmental benefits for us. China uses dangerous chemical to melt the earth around it, which could potentially leave a lasting impression on the surrounding area and any vegetation that might grow there in the future. So if Canada were to mine these metals I think we would be more respectful of the landscape. In today’s society reducing your environmental footprint is huge and in terms of rare earth metals there are many ways in which we can reduce our own. It starts by properly recycling our reusable electronics so the metals can be extracted or re used. Other ways would be to buy used electronics and not get every new gadget that comew out so there is less of a demand for the mining of rare earth metals. Given the pros of mining and the fact that they outweigh the cons, I believe that Canada should be involved in rare earth metals mining.

Free Vibration Of A Cantilever Objective

Free Vibration Of A Cantilever Objective The purpose of this experiment is to determine the natural frequency of a cantilever beam study both undamped and damped free vibration motion of a cantilever beam. Vibration is the periodic motion of a body or system of connected bodies displaced from a position of equilibrium. In general, there are two types of vibration, free and forced. Free vibration is maintained by gravitational or elastic restoring force. Forced vibration is caused by an external periodic or intermittent force applied to the system. Both of these types of vibration may be either damped or undamped. Undamped vibrations can continue indefinitely because frictional effects are neglected in the analysis. Basically, if a system that is subjected to an initial disturbance and is left to vibrate on its own, the subsequent vibration is known as the free vibration. Vibrations without damping would result in a continuous vibration of the particular oscillatory body. As a matter of fact, it will produce a displacement-time graph of such nature as shown in the following figure. This graph is commonly referred to as the simple harmonic motion. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co mmons/4/44/Simple_harmonic_motion.png Figure 1: Simple Harmonic Motion (Displacement-Time Graph) However, in reality, just as with many other scientific theories, this is impossible because friction and other forces are present both internally and externally. As the system is subjected to these forces, this phenomena is called damping. The principle effect of damping is to reduce the amplitude of an oscillation, not to change its frequency. So, the graph of the amplitude of a normal damped oscillation might look like the following: http://www.efunda.com/formulae/vibrations/sdof_images/SDOF_UnderDamped_Response.gif Figure 2: Graph of Damped Oscillation (Displacement-Time Graph) Apparatus and Materials: 1. Cantilever beam apparatus -Modulus of elasticity of aluminium(E) : 70GPa -Dimension of the cantilever beam : 927mm (L) ÃÆ'- 19.09mm (W) ÃÆ'- 6.35mm (H) -Mass of the cantilever beam : 292.59g Mass of the damper : 122 g 2. Strain gauge 3. Strain recorder 4. Viscous damper Experimental Procedures: Figure 3: Experiment Setup without Viscous Damper Figure 4: Experiment Setup with Viscous Damper The computer and the strain recorder were switched on. The strain recorder application software was started by double clicking on the DC104REng shortcut icon on the computer desktop. The experiment setup was shown in Figure 3. The operation of the strain recorder and the recorder application software were referred to the operational manual. The viscous damper was removed if it was attached to the beam. The beam was held and displaced by, ymax, -20mm, -15mm, -10m, -5mm, 0, 5mm, 10mm, 15mm,and 20mm. The strain recorder reading for each displacement value from the Numerical Monitor screen of the application software was recorded manually. The relationship of the displacement (of the free end of the beam) and the strain recorder reading was obtained by plotting an appropriate graph using a spreadsheet. The beam is displaced by 30mm and the beam is left to vibrate on its own. The strain recorder reading was recorded by clicking on the Play and Stop button. The recorded file was retrieved by clicking on the Read USB button. The graph of the beam displacement versus time, t was plotted. The experiment was repeated by using beam displacement of 50mm. The viscous damper was connected as shown in Figure 3. Steps 7 and 10 were repeated by using beam displacement of 30mm and 50mm respectively. a) Theoretical Calculations As given in the experiment: Modulus of elasticity of aluminium,E = 70 GPa Length of the cantilever beam, L = 0.927m Width of the cantilever beam,b = 0.019m Thickness of the cantilever beam, h = 0.006m Mass of the cantilever beam, mcantilever = 0.293 kg Mass of the damper, mdamper = 0.122 kg b) Experimental Results and Calculations Free Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 30mm Displacement Natural Circular Frequency of Beam with Viscous Damper, The free vibration of the theoretical natural frequency of the cantilever beam in this experiment is 5.75Hz while the experimental natural frequency of the cantilever beam is 6.25Hz for amplitude of 30mm and 6.25Hz for amplitude of 50mm. The viscously damped vibration of the theoretical natural frequency of the cantilever beam is 3.45Hz and the experimental natural frequency of the cantilever beam for amplitude of 30mm and 50mm are 3.57Hz and 3.57Hz. Percentage error, % x 100% Free Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 30mm Displacement Percentage error, %= x 100% =8.70% Free Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 50mm Displacement Percentage error, %= x 100% =8.70% Viscously Damped Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 30mm Displacement Percentage error, %= x 100% =3.48% Viscously Damped Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 50mm Displacement Percentage error, %= x 100% =3.48% In this experiment, it is calculated that the percentage error for the free vibration is both 8.70% for 30mm and 50mm. For the viciously damped vibration, the percentage error for the 30mm and 50mm were both 3.48%. The results of the experiment were slightly inaccurate. This may be caused by the external force which is the air resistance as the beam oscillates. Another factor is caused by parallax error which occurred during the measuring of displacement before the beam was released as our eye level was not perpendicular to the scale of the metre rule. When the beam is released, it slightly hit the bottom of the container which decreases the original force released drastically which affects the amplitude of oscillation. Furthermore, the Modulus of Elasticity(Youngs Modulus) was given, which might not be accurate. All these source of error may affect the results of the experiment to be inaccurate. The results of the experiment can be improved by measuring the Modulus of Elasticity. Using a deeper container would also avoid the damper to hit the bottom of the container. Furthermore, the experiment can be done in a vacuum box to avoid air resistance. Eye level should be adjusted until it is perpendicular to the metre rule scale. This steps can increase the accuracy of the results. The damped period, damped natural frequency and the damping ratio of the system of free vibration is. When the amplitude is 30mm or 50mm for both cases, they have the same damped period, damped natural frequency and damped ratio. The percentage error for the free vibration of 30mm and 50mm were both 8.70% while for the viciously damped of 30mm and 50mm were both 3.48%. This indicates that the difference in amplitudes do not affect the frequency of the oscillation. From the general equation of frequency : , where c=speed of wave ÃŽÂ »= wavelength This formula proves that amplitude or displacement does not affect the frequency of the oscillation. If the strain gauge is mounted on the other end of the cantilever beam, the results would be not accurate as the gauge is very sensitive to changes. At the other end, there is not much difference in the change of length which affects the strain. In Figure 3, the strain can be detected more easily as the change in length is very obvious. This is because when the free end is free to vibrates, the vibration will be strong but the compression and tension that results on the surface of pressure sensor is not that strong. Conclusion : The theoretical natural frequency , for this experiment is 5.75Hz for free vibration cantilever. The value of both 30mm and 50mm frequency obtained were 6.25Hz which have percentage error of 8.70%. Whereas, the theoretical damped natural frequency , is 3.45 Hz. The value of both 30mm and 50mm frequency obtained were 3.57Hz which have percentage error of 3.48%. Furthermore, the results proves that the displacement does not affect the vibration(frequency) of the oscillation of the cantilever beam.

Infectious Episode of Streptococcus Pyogenes and Treatment

Infectious Episode of Streptococcus Pyogenes and Treatment A B C D Morphology appearance on AGAR Cocci. Cocci in clusters, short chains, diplococci and single cocci. Thin swabbed orange pigment from plate. Surrounded by zones of clear beta-hemolysis. Cocci. Large round pale opaque grey colonies surrounded by zones of clear beta-hemolysis. Shiny. Bacilli. Small rod pale opaque grey colonies. Translucent. Shiny. Bacilli. Medium size colonies. Dark grey green. Gram Reaction Purple. Positive. Purple. Positive. Pink. Negative. Pink. Negative. Oxidase Negative. Positive. Catalase Negative. Positive. Coagulase Positive. Strep Grouping Latex Positive for group A. Presumptive Identification ? Streptococcus pyogenes. Staphylococcus aureus. Enterobacteria. Pseudomonas species. A = Streptococcus pyogenes. To further confirm that sample A is Streptococcus pyogenes you can undergo a PYR test. The PYR test is a rapid colorimetric method which tests for the presence of the enzyme pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase present in the microorganism. The enzyme hydrolyses L-pyrrolidonyl-ÃŽÂ ²-naphthylamide (PYR) to ÃŽÂ ²-naphthylamide, which produces a red colour when a cinnamaldehyde reagent is added. Paper strips are used to perform the test. A positive result for this test shows the typical morphology of S. pyogenes (Ferretti et al, 2016). Streptococcus pyogenes can also be tested by bacitracin test due to their sensitivity towards it. The test is used because other streptococci is resistant to bacitracin. A bacitracin test is undergone by making a subculture of the S. pyogenes on sheep blood agar. The bacterial strain S. pyogenes being tested is streaked with individual colonies of a culture which is pure from an SBA agar plate and a disk containing 0.04 units of bacitracin is put onto the SBA plate. Incubation overnight at a temperature of 35Â °C in CO2 (5%) then occurs. A zone of inhibition surrounding the disc indicates the susceptibility of the strain (Ferretti et al, 2016). B = Staphylococcus aureus. To further confirm that sample B is Staphylococcus aureus the thermostable DNase test can be used. The thermostable DNAse test is performed using the agar diffusion method. 2ml aliquot of broth of the blood culture is boiled for a duration of 15 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. Holes of six-millimetres are cut in toluidine blue DNase agar plates. 100Â µl of the boiled culture broth is placed into the well and then incubated at 37oC. Tests are read during 2 and 4 hours. The PPVs and NPVs for the culture is calculated as well as sensitivities and specificities. A result of 100% sensitivity means S. aureus is present (Lagace-Wiens et al, 2007). To distinguish whether the strain is MSSA or MRSA a cefoxitin test is carried out. Susceptibility to cefoxitin is determined by the diffusion disc method on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. A suspension of the organisms is adjusted to 0.5x MacFarland standard, diluted to 1:100 and inoculated onto the Mueller-Hinton agar by streaking the agar surface all over. 30-Â µg cefoxitin disks are applied and the plates are incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. An isolate is an MRSA strain if the cefoxitin inhibition zone diameter is less than or equal to 21 mm (Boutiba-Ben Boubaker et al, 2004). C= Enterobacteria. To further confirm what enterobacteria sample c is, further tests need to be undertaken. To see if sample c is a type of Escherichia bacteria use the lipase test. The test sees if the bacteria uses corn oil as a source of carbon and energy for growth. The result will be negative (if Escherichia) because the colour will be unchanged as no lipase is present (Vumicro.com, n.d.-b). To see if the sample is a Yersinia bacteria the lysine decarboxylase test can be used. The test sees if the bacteria can use lysine as a source of carbon and energy for growth. The result will be negative (if Yersinia) because of lack of colour change to yellow at 24 hours and back to purple at 48 hours (Vumicro.com, n.d.-c). To see if the sample is a Salmonella bacteria use the maltose test. The result will be negative (if Salmonella) due to magenta or hot pink in colour (Vumicro.com, n.d.-a). The citrate test needs to be undertaken to see if the sample is a Shigella bacteria. The test is a test used to assess the ability of the bacteria to utilize sodium citrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. If the sample is a Shigella bacteria then the result for this test will be negative as there will be no colour change as the colour will stay deep forest green (Acharya, 2013). D = Pseudomonas species. To further confirm that sample D is Pseudomonas species a methyl red test can be used. The methyl red test is a test which detects the production of sufficient acid when glucose is fermented and the conditions are maintained such that the pH of the previous culture is kept below the value of 4.5, which is shown by the colour change of the methyl red indicator which is added when the period of incubation finishes. The result of this test for Pseudomonas species is negative because there is no change in colour when methyl red is added. The colour stays yellow (Online Microbiology Notes, 2014a). Another test that can be used is the voges-proskauer (VP) test. The test is a test used to see whether the pathogen produces acetylmethyl carbinol from glucose fermentation. If acteylmethyl carbinol is present it is converted to diacetyl in the presence of ÃŽÂ ±-naphthol, strong alkali and oxygen. Diacetyl found in the peptones in the broth is then condensed to form a pinkish red polymer. The result of this test for Pseudomonas species is negative because acetylmethyl carbinol is not present in Pseudomonas species (Online Microbiology Notes, 2014b). Infectious episode of Streptococcus pyogenes and treatment Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most important pathogens that cause skin and soft-tissue infections and is also associated with septicaemia and other severe complications (Segal et al, 2005). An example of a disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes is scarlet fever. Scarlet fever is a contagious bacterial infection which affects children between 5 and 18 years old. It is spread by contact of droplets from the cough and sneezes of an infected person. Fever and sore throat is the first stage of illness. There also may be chills, vomiting and abdominal pain. The tongue is swollen and has a whitish coating. Throat and tonsils become very red and sore, and swallowing becomes incredibly painful. After one or two days of the illness, a rash appears which is red in colour. Strep bacteria of the strain produce a toxin (poison) that causes people to break out in the rash. The rash appears first on the neck, underarm, and groin, which then spreads throughout the body. The rashes are small, flat red blotches that gradually change into fine bumps and feel like sandpaper. The cheeks have a flushed appearance, but there may also be a pale area around the mouth. Around the underarm, elbow, and groin the skin creases are brighter than the rest of the rash. These rashes are termed pastias lines. Complications of kidney damage, hepatitis, vasculitis, septicaemia, congestive heart failure and death may occur (Davis, n.d.). Scarlet fever can be treated with antibiotics. A strep test is needed. The test involves swabbing the throat to confirm whether group A streptococcus is creating the illness. If it is positive, prescription of antibiotics is needed. Antibiotics allows scarlet fever patients recover sooner and protect people from catching the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). Infectious episode of Staphylococcus aureus and treatment Staphylococcus aureus can cause endocarditis. Endocarditis occurs when the bacteria adheres to the cardiac valve. Bacteria can colonize the vegetation composed of fibrin and platelets (Keynan and Rubinstein, 2013). S. aureus enters the bloodstream due to healthcare procedures because of the dentogen pathway or drug use. Bacteria adhere extremely fast usually within minutes to an injured valve surface via deposition on platelet fibrin. It also adheres to inflamed valve surface. S. aureus enters via an intracellular route to the valve endothelium which contributes to inflammation and aggressive tissue destruction by the bacteria. The increase of bacteria on and in the endothelium leads to maturation of vegetation on the valve. Spreading of pathogens occurs from embolization of vegetation particles. This leads to complications such as stroke, haemorrhage, meningitis or reaction to the meningeal, brain abscess, and mycotic aneurysm (Werdan et al, 2013). There are many impacts of endocard itis which are physical and emotional. In the acute phase, unpleasant symptoms can be experienced which include high temperature, chills, loss of appetite, headache, muscle and joint pain, night sweats, shortness of breath and persistent coughs. People who suffer from endocarditis experience complications of blood supply to the brain which is affected. Worry and anxiety can occur which creates symptoms such as a racing heart, increased breathing rate, a dry mouth, sweating, tingling and feeling dizzy. Low mood and depression also occurs because of endocarditis. When patients feel unwell and are being stuck in a hospital they can become sad. Feeling of hopelessness about the future and lacking in energy and drive can also occur. Struggling to enjoy the things you used to enjoy and feeling bad about yourself or criticised by others along with not being able to sleep or eat well occurs as well (Coping after Endocarditis, n.d.). Endocarditis is treated with a course of antibiotics or su rgery (Nhs.uk, 2016). Infectious episode of Enterobacteria and treatment Enterobacteria such as E. coli can cause gastroenteritis. E. coli enters the gastrointestinal tract and attaches to the lining of the intestinal mucosa where it secretes enterotoxins. Invasion of the intestinal mucosa does not occur. Toxins produced by the bacteria affect absorptions of nutrients and causes the cells of the intestinal mucosa to secrete electrolytes and water. Evidence of this will be in the form of profuse watery diarrhoea including vomiting which starts in 12 to 48 hours after ingestion. Other E. coli strains invade the cells of the mucosa and cause stress ulcers and bleeding. This creates inflammatory diarrhoea commonly associated with diarrhoea which sometimes can be bloody and there is a huge amount of abdominal pain. Toxins which E. coli produce present in foods causes secretory diarrhoea which is profuse and watery with nausea and vomiting that is very prominent. It is fast acting and symptoms may be evident in less than 12 hours after ingesting contaminated fo od. In some cases, the symptoms may be present in 1 to 6 hours. Patients with gastroenteritis have an increased risk for aortic aneurysm and ulcerative colitis (Ternhag et al, 2008). Treatments for gastroenteritis include antibiotics. Not every case of the disease needs antibiotics. Majority of cases of gastroenteritis are self-limiting and resolve in days. If the E. coli strain is associated with stool culture and persisting symptoms, then antibiotic treatment is needed. Patients which are immunocompromised also need antibiotics. Antidiarrheal agents can also be used to treat gastroenteritis. Antidiarrheal agents are used when symptoms are persisting even when antibiotics have been taken. The use of the agent is dependent on a case by case and needs to be consulted with a medical doctor before using an antidiarrheal agent. If a persistent diarrhoea is present then probiotics may also be needed (Chris, n.d.). Infectious episode of Pseudomonas species Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the type specie for Pseudomonas which can cause bronchopneumonia. It is an inflammation of the lungs characterized by foci of consolidation surrounded by normal parenchyma. Bronchopneumonia affects one or more lobes, being frequently bilateral and basal (Pathologyatlas.ro, 2014). When a person suffers from bronchopneumonia the lung parenchyma is attacked by the bacteria. An immune inflammatory response is triggered in response to this. Because of this, the alveolar sacs fill with exudate. Consolidation then occurs when the air space is replaced by the exudate (fluid). Also there are multiple areas which is isolated of consolidation, affecting various pulmonary lobes (Hellomrdoctor.com, 2016). Lobular bronchopneumonia can lead to lobar pneumonia. Exudate starts to build up in the basal lobes. The affectation from this disease is bilateral. The lesions diameter vary between 2 and 4 cm and the lesions turn yellow or grey in colour, is dry and centred on a bronc hiole. As well as this, their delimitation is not clear and the lesions become united. Suppurative exudate gathers due to inflammation in the bronchioles. As more bronchioles suffer inflammation, the congestion experienced by the patient becomes more extensive. Between the areas of consolidation, the parenchyma remains normal and aerated (Hellomrdoctor.com, 2016). The effect of bronchopneumonia includes coughing and fever which makes breathing become difficult. If it is not treated mortality can be as high as 40%. If bronchopneumonia becomes severe the outer lining of the lungs and the inner lining of the chest becomes inflamed making breathing even more painful (Quinn, n.d.). If a person has bacterial bronchopneumonia antibiotics are prescribed. Antibiotics will destroy the bacteria causing the infection. Most people feel better within one to three days after starting antibiotics. Fever reducer or cough medication for bronchopneumonia may also be prescribed. These medications can h elp relieve symptoms, but does not cure the patient (Martel, 2015). Bibliography Acharya, T. (2013). Citrate utilization test: Principle, Procedure, expected results and positive organisms microbeonline. [Online] microbeonline. Available at: http://microbeonline.com/citrate-utilization-test-principle-procedure-expected-results-and-positive-organisms/ [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017]. Boutiba-Ben Boubaker, I., Ben Abbes, R., Ben Abdallah, H., Mamlouk, K., Mahjoubi, F., Kammoun, A., Hammami, A. and Ben Redjeb, S. (2004). Evaluation of a cefoxitin disk diffusion test for the routine detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 10(8), pp.762-765. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Scarlet Fever. [Online] Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/Features/ScarletFever/ [Accessed 12 Mar. 2017]. Chris, D. (n.d.). What is Bacterial Gastroenteritis? Pathophysiology and Treatment | Healthhype.com. [Online] Healthhype.com. Available at: http://www.healthhype.com/what-is-bacterial-gastroenteritis-pathophysiology-and-treatment.html [Accessed 13 Mar. 2017]. Coping after Endocarditis. (n.d.). 1st ed. [PDF] London: Imparts, pp.1-13. Available at: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/ioppn/depts/pm/research/imparts/Quick-links/Self-Help-Materials/Coping-After-Endocarditis-(long).pdf [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Davis, C. (n.d.). Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina) Symptoms, Treatment, Causes What is the prognosis of scarlet fever? What are the long-term effects of scarlet fever? MedicineNet. [Online] MedicineNet. Available at: http://www.medicinenet.com/scarlet_fever_scarlatina/page4.htm [Accessed 17 Mar. 2017]. Ferretti, J., Stevens, D. and Fischetti, V. (2016). Streptococcus pyogenes : Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations. 1st ed. [ebook] Oklahoma City: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, pp.875-891. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK343617/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017]. Hellomrdoctor.com. (2016). Bronchopneumonia Symptoms, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment. [Online] Available at: http://hellomrdoctor.com/bronchopneumonia/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2017]. Keynan, Y. and Rubinstein, E. (2013). Pathophysiology of Infective Endocarditis. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 15(4), pp.342-346. Lagace-Wiens, P., Alfa, M., Manickam, K. and Karlowsky, J. (2007). Thermostable DNase Is Superior to Tube Coagulase for Direct Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in Positive Blood Cultures. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45(10), pp.3478-3479. Martel, J. (2015). Bronchopneumonia. [Online] Healthline. Available at: http://www.healthline.com/health/bronchopneumonia#Overview1 [Accessed 13 Mar. 2017]. Nhs.uk. (2016). Endocarditis Treatment NHS Choices. [Online] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Endocarditis/Pages/Treatment.aspx [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Online Microbiology Notes. (2014a). Methyl Red (MR) Test- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation. [online] Available at: http://www.microbiologyinfo.com/methyl-red-mr-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation/ [Accessed 17 Mar. 2017]. Online Microbiology Notes. (2014b). Voges-Proskauer (VP) Test- Principle, Reagents, Procedure and Result. [online] Available at: http://www.microbiologyinfo.com/voges-proskauer-vp-test-principle-reagents-procedure-and-result/ [Accessed 17 Mar. 2017]. Quinn, B. (n.d.). The effects of pneumonia. [Online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1553760/The-effects-of-pneumonia.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Segal, N., Givon-Lavi, N., Leibovitz, E., Yagupsky, P., Leiberman, A. and Dagan, R. (2005). Acute Otitis Media Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes in Children. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41(1), pp.35-41. Tong, S., Davis, J., Eichenberger, E., Holland, T. and Fowler, V. (2015). Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 28(3), pp.603-661. Ternhag, A., TÃ ¶rner, A., Svensson, Ã…., Ekdahl, K. and Giesecke, J. (2008). Short- and Long-term Effects of Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(1), pp.143-148. Vumicro.com. (n.d.-a). Maltose Fermentation Test. [Online] Available at: http://www.vumicro.com/vumie/help/VUMICRO/Maltose_Fermentation_Test.htm [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017]. Vumicro.com. (n.d.-b). Lipase (Corn Oil) Test. [Online] Available at: http://www.vumicro.com/vumie/help/VUMICRO/Lipase_Corn_Oil_Test.htm [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017]. Vumicro.com. (n.d.-c). Lysine Decarboxylase Test. [Online] Available at: http://www.vumicro.com/vumie/help/VUMICRO/Lysine_decarboxylase_Test.htm [Accessed 28 Mar. 2017]. Werdan, K., Dietz, S., LÃ ¶ffler, B., Niemann, S., Bushnaq, H., Silber, R., Peters, G. and MÃ ¼ller-Werdan, U. (2013). Mechanisms of infective endocarditis: pathogen-host interaction and risk states. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 11(1), pp.35-50.

Avoiding the Unavoidable Essay -- Comparative, Poe, Hawthorne

Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe are often thought to have different themes in their writing, but in reality, they have extremely similar themes. In Hawthorne's "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment" and Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death," one theme is incredibly prominent. Death is unavoidable, and when one tries to escape death, one will always find it hiding around another corner. Death can be evaded by hiding behind a barrier or attempting to conquer it, but one will always fail and have a limited time before it catches up. Hiding behind a barrier, be it physical or emotional, has always been the first line of defense in evading death. In "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment," Widow Wycherly, Colonel Killigrew, Mr. Medbourne, and Mr. Gascoigne hide from their old age and impending death by drinking the water from the Fountain of Youth: "Age, with its miserable train of cares and sorrows and diseases, was remembered only as the trouble of a dream, from which they had joyously awoke" (Hawthorne 9). The four comrades all took refuge in a corner of their minds, and saw each other in their own distorted reality. They bury themselves ever more deeper in this alternate dimension of youth. " 'We are younger- but we are still too old! Quick- give us more!' " (Hawthorne 7). Once presented with another defense against impending death, they do all they can to include it in their arsenal. In "The Masque of the Red Death", Prince Prospero shares the same feeling of invincibility. He locks himself and his comrades in his castellated abbey, in hopes that the Red Death will not reach them: "When his dominions were half depopulated, he summoned to his presence a thousand hale and light-hearted friends from among the knights and dames of his court, a... ...ince Prospero take himself out, he condemned all those that were locked away with him: "And one by one dropped the revelers in the blood-bedewed halls of their revel, and died each in the despairing posture of his fall" (Poe 7). All one-thousand of his subjects that he had kept with him in his abbey were subjected to the same punishment. While both the four friends and Prince Prospero had different initial outcomes after their first failed attempt to avoid death, they share a common final outcome. Whether one looks at the evidence presented about avoiding death by hiding behind barriers, or by attempting to conquer death, one can clearly see that evading death is impossible, and will always lead to failure. No matter how hard one tries, one cannot escape death. Before attempting to escape death, one should ponder about how gifted one is to receive one lifetime.

Minimum Wage Isnt A Living Wage :: Minimum Wage Essays

Reasons for Minimum Wage Worker’s Tough Lives In 1938, federal minimum wage legislation became effective for the first time when the Fair Labor Standards Act passed (Sidey 573). After sixty-seven years, today, the minimum wage, which was originally set to make sure that working people could support themselves and their family, increased twenty times (Sidey 573). Nevertheless, the low-wage workers have never gotten rid of the hardship in their lives. Two main reasons cause the current situation. The increasing renting prices and the increasing rate of health care, which exceeds low-wage workers’ real income by quite a lot, make their lives tough all the time. Minimum wage, the smallest amount of money per hour that an employer may legally pay a worker, became a part of state law in Massachusetts in 1912 (Sidey 573). After 14 other states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico set similar laws in America, the first federal minimum wage legislation became valid. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 â€Å"firmly established the federal government as a regulator of wages in the United States by establishing a minimum hourly wage for all employees engaged in interstate commerce or in the production of goods for interstate commerce† (Huckshorn 167). Based on 2004’s Current Population Survey of America, today two million workers earn at or below minimum wage out of 73.9 million American workers who are paid at hourly rates (Characteristics). In 1996, the minimum wage raised to $5.15 per hour. Some people argue that this federal legislation helped low-wage workers a lot. Nevertheless, low-wage people are still suffering from hardship because of the big gap between their incomes and expenditures. In 1998, the minimum-wage was â€Å"$2,500 below the poverty line for a three-person family† if a worker works 40 hours a week without vacations (Rothman). The minimum wage should be $6.24 to maintain the same average purchasing power in 1998 as â€Å"it averaged in the 1970s† (Rothman). Up until 2005, in California, nearly 16 percent of Californian low-paid workers live below the poverty line according to a study of State Industrial Welfare Commission of California (Garcoa). These figures and examples denied the argument that this federal legislation helped low-wage workers’ lives. Two main reasons cause the big gap between minimum-workers’ real income and basic living requirements, the persistent increasing of the rental price and health premiums. The first reason for hardship concerns the high rental prices in America

The Sun Essay -- Sun Solar Power Solar System Essays

The Sun   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sun is the largest object in the solar system. It is a middle-sized star and there are many other stars out in the universe just like it. Even though it is only a middle-sized star it is large enough to hold over 1 million Earth’s inside if it were hollow. The temperature on the sun is far too much for any living thing to bear. On the surface it is 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit and the core is a stunning 27,000,000 degrees Fahrenheit. But don’t worry we are over 90,000 million miles away, the sun could never reach us, at least not yet. The sun is a still a middle aged star and later in its life it will become a Red Giant. In this stage it will get bigger, and closer to us causing a temperature increase and most likely the end of the world as we know it, but this will not take place for quite some time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But the sun is not our enemy, if it weren’t for that big ball of burning gas there would be no life on this planet at all. We need its heat, its light, and its energy. Without these our planet would be frozen over like a big ice cube and there would be no signs or traces of life ever. In total amount the sun provides about 2 pounds of energy to us every day. Yes, that’s right only 2 pounds. The sun evaporates water from the earth’s lakes, streams, and rivers. It also heats the earth and cools the earth at the same time. Without the Earth’s atmosphere to protect us from the sun’s ultraviolet rays we would be toast. This is kind of how the greenhouse effect takes place. The greenhouse effect is when the atmosphere of the earth traps heat from the sun and lets sunlight heat plants, yet prevents much of the heat from getting out. In a similar way, the atmosphere lets sunlight through to the surface of the earth. The sunlight warms th e earth, but the heat that created cannot easily pass back through the atmosphere into space.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now what is going on in the sun? When we look up we just see a bright object that makes us warm, sometimes gives us sunburn and gives us light, on the contrary. The sun is a mass of incandescent gas, a gigantic nuclear furnace where hydrogen is built into helium at a temperature of millions of degrees. The sun is so hot that everything on it is a gas. About 75% of the sun is made up of hydrogen, about 23% is helium and the remaining percent consist of iron, copper, aluminum, and about 70 more elements that are comm... ... as Stonehenge, to see the suns shadow and tell the time of day. Ancient people also used the sun to tell directions, they knew that it rose in the east and set in the west everyday, and that one whole day was the time it took the sun to get from one edge of the horizon to the other. Ancient calendars were based on the phases of the moon. The phases occur because sunlight reflected by the moon is seen from different angles as the moon circles the earth. Even today the sun has an important role in surveying and navigating people. Surveyors can use the sun to calculate their own position and other positions on the earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, that about does it as a summary for the sun. Even though this essay may have brought out some true facts about the sun there is still much more to know about the sun. Some stuff we don’t even know about the sun and may never know, but what we do know is good. We know that it is the largest object in the solar system, it is the size of 1 million earth’s and it hotter than 27,000,000 in the core, now that’s cooking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The World Book Encyclopedia, â€Å"sun† Robert W. Noyes 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why the sun shines 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Science Book

Albedo in urban and rural temperature settings

Albedo can be defined as the ratio of the amount of light that a ceratin body reflects and the amount that it absorbs (Encarta, 2008). For example, a body that rates an albedo of 0. 3 can be construed to reflect back 30 percent of the light that falls on it, while absorbing the other 70 percent of the light (Encarta, 2008). The term albedo is derived from the Latin term â€Å"albus†, or simply â€Å"white† (Dagmar Budikova, 2008).When the object hit with the sun reflects back most of the sunlight, it is said to have a high albedo ratio (National Science Foundation, 2006). If the surface that is it by the sunlight abosrbs or takes in most of the light, it is said to have a low albedo (Science, 2006). Urban settings usually have low albedo since most of the light is absorbed by the alterations made by man of the natural landscape (Christopher Small). In rural settings, the presence of abundant vegetation (Small).The plant life absorbs most of the sun's light to start the process of photosynthesis necessary for the propagation of plants (Small). This cannot be wholly said for the urban setting, as the plant cover in the urban areas is small compared to the rural environment (Small). But the presence of plant life in the urban setting does have an impact on the air quality and the health of those living in the urban areas (Christopher Small & Roberta Balstad Miller).It is assumed therefore that a host of physical characteristics determine the albedo of a certain body (Encarta, 2008). The moon, for example, has a low albedo rating because of its rough terrain, taking in most of the sunlight that hit it (Encarta, 2008). Venus, on the other hand, reflects back a high degree of the sunlight that it take in, thus could be said to possess a high albedo rating (Encarta, 2008). As stated earlier, the presence of plant life in an urban setting does affect the albedo rating of the area (Small & Miller).In the New York City area, for example, there is a mix of l ow and albedo ratings (Small & Miller). This is due to the presence of trees in the area that are conducive to the build-up of dust and ozone in the specific location (Small & Miller). Research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) found out the the asphalt used in smoothing out parking lots and roads, and dark-colored shingles and concrete had a high absorption capacity of sunlight than the rural areas surrounding the urban areas (Krishna Ramanujan, 2007).This would result in a higher temperature in the cities (Ramanujan, 2007). References Budikova, D. (2008). Albedo. Retrieved September 15, 2008, from http://www. eoearth. org/article/Albedo Miller, R. B. , Small, C. (n. d. ). Spatiotemporal monitoring of urban vegetation. Retrieved September 15, 2008, from http://www. ldeo. columbia. edu/~small/PDF/ISRSE_SmallMiller. pdf. MSN Encarta. (2008). Albedo. Retrieved September 15, 2008, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761587643/Albedo. htmlNational Scienc e Foundation. (2006). Albedo. Retrieved September 15, 2008, from http://www. arcticice. org/albedo. htm Ramanujan, K. (2007). Scientists take big steps to measure sunlight reflected by Earth. Retrieved September 15, 2008, from http://www. nasa. gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/albedo. html Small, C. (n. d. ). Global analysis of urban population distributions and the physical environment. Retrieved September 15, 2008, from http://www. ldeo. columbia. edu/~small/Urban/SmallUrbEnv2001. pdf.

Criminal Law 2009 Exam Paper

THIS PAPER IS non TO BE REMOVED FROM THE query HALLS UNIVERSITY OF capital of the United Kingdom 265 0010 ZA 269 0010 ZA 277 0101 ZA DIPLOMA IN faithfulness LLB EXAMINATION for External Students INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATION (Scheme A) commencement exercise AND SECOND YEAR EXAMINATIONS (Scheme B) GRADUATE opening LEVEL I (R let ane A) GRADUATE debateing FIRST YEAR (Route B) BSc DEGREES for External Students commission WITH LAW, LAW WITH MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTING WITH LAW AND LAW WITH ACCOUNTING FOR STUDENTS IN THE EXTERNAL course of instruction Criminal Law Wednesday 13 whitethorn 2009 10. 00 1. 15 pmCandidates will have fifteen minutes during which they may read the make-up and make rough nones ONLY in their breed along books. They and so have the be THREE HOURS in which to pr playise the read/write intellects. Candidates should answer FOUR of the following EIGHT questions. Candidates should answer alone parts of a question unless otherwise stated. University of Lon don 2009 UL09/806 paginate 1 of 4 1. Under what circumstances may a person be reprehensively liable for a failure to act? 2. (a) Could the reasoning in the cases of Roberts (1971) and Williams and Davis (1992) be give tongue to to conflict with that in the case of Blaue (1975)? b) Anna stabbed Iqbal. Iqbal was naughtily injured. He was taken to hospital and position on a life- dungeon machine. mavin night, an intensivecare nurse, Norah, who hated m unrivaledy being penurious on expensive lifesupport machinery and without being empower to do so, switched off the life support machine. Iqbal died. Consider Annas and Norahs possible sad liability for murder. 3. Fred and Marcus had fought because Marcus was infuriated with Fred for having carved the letter F on to Livias branch using a penknife. Livia is Marcuss 14year-old daughter, who begged Fred to do this as she was in love with him.Fred had reluctantly agreed. The wound was non serious, although it did require one stitch. Fred and Marcus stubborn to settle their differences by having a fight. Fred punched Marcus, knocking him over and make him to breakout his skull. Fred ran away when the police were called. As Fred was do his way home, a beggar, Beryl, who was carrying a scotch in her arms, approached him and asked him for notes to feed the baby. This shady Fred who hated beggars. He sprayed after-shave eau de cologne in Beryls face causing her to drop the baby which bruised it slightly.The police and then caught up with Fred. PC load seek to arrest him. Fred pushed PC Bill out of the way in an attempt to get away, causing PC Bill to stagger. In an effort to save himself from falling, PC Bill put his arm out and pushed it finished a shop window, sustaining severe cuts to his arm. debate the possible unlawful liability of Fred. UL09/806 paginate 2 of 4 4. Egor, who had a invoice of depression and schizophrenia, and his wife Irina were eating in a restaurant. Egor was taking medicatio n for his occasion and was therefore not drinking alcohol.He was nerve-racking to reassure Irina who had received threatening letter from her ex-husband Alexey. All of a sudden, Alexey, who was genuinely drunk, burst into the restaurant and stormed over to Egor and Irinas sidestep yelling You stole my wife You must die Egor was alarmed. He picked up the heavy water jug from the circumvent and threw it at Alexey. It hit Alexey on the head and he fell to the floor, unconscious. The sight of Alexey prevarication on the floor enraged Egor as he remembered the letters Alexey had sent to Irina.He was likewise worried that Alexey might wake up and kill him. He repeatedly kicked Alexey who died of a fractured skull before an ambulance could be called. Discuss Egors sad liability. 5. Self-induced intoxication is never certain by the courts as an excuse for committing an offence. Discuss. 6. On her way out from her workplace, Jenny found ? 50 which she used to buy a pair of shoes to go with the raiment she had bought for her potents centenary ball. She subsequent overheard someone in her office facial expression that they had lost ? 0 but she did not return the silver. While chatting to her colleagues, she discovered that her firm had set up a gillyflower to contribute ? 100 towards the cost of a ballgown for each female worker who could demonstrate financial hardship. Although, initially, she did not apply for this, as she had already bought her gown and was not in financial difficulties, after hearing that all of her female colleagues intended to do so, whether or not they had already purchased their gowns, she applied for the money stating that she was in financial difficulties.She thought it was in all probability alright as she knew that none of her colleagues was in financial difficulties either. She did not get the money as, by the prison term her application was received, she was told the strain had been spent. On the day of the ball, Jenny went to the hairdressers which was fling a 20% discount to students. She had borrowed her childs student union neb which she showed to the receptionist and obtained the discount. When she arrived at her theater, Jenny noticed that her attached door neighbours were having a delivery of shopping.She had bury to buy anything for her lunch and was hungry and so, hoping they would not mind, took a microwave meal from one of the shopping bags, putting ? 5 through with(predicate) their letter box. Consider Jennys possible criminal liability. UL09/806 Page 3 of 4 7. Antoine enjoyed dressing up as a woman and so either Sunday he wore his sisters change state and called himself Antoinette. unmatched Sunday, at his local pub, a visitant to the area, Geezer, starting chatting to him. Very quickly Antoine earn that Geezer thought he really was a woman and was sexually interested in him.Antoine did not tell Geezer the truth as Geezer was rather rough and Antoine was a modest nervous of him. What Antoine did not know, however, was that Geezer was even more than interested in Antoines Cartier watch which he thought would make a square-toed gift for his wife. He told Geezer that he was qualifying to powder his nose and took himself off to the mens basinful to think about how he was tone ending to get away from Geezer. Geezer, however, came into the lavatory and was ball over to see Antoinette there. As he came to at a lower placestand what was going on, he became extremely angry at having been fooled.He ripped off Antoines clothes and forcibly penetrated him with a bar of soap. He then held Antoine down period he take his watch. He put it in his sacking and ran off. Antoine, who was, by now, very distressed, put his clothes back on and left(a) the pub. He thought a cup of tea leaf might make him feel develop and so went into a cafe where he ordered tea and toast. When he offered to pay, he was told that a bill would be brought to his table and that he should pay the cashier at the door as he left the cafe. When he had finished, he left the cafe without having paid.He was subsequently diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder and claims that he did not know what he was doing when he left the cafe. Consider the possible criminal liability of Antoine and Geezer. 8. Priya and her twin brother Dipak twain aged 16 hated their future(a) door neighbour, Hans. He swore at them if they do a noise and they were convinced that he spied on them and reported everything they did to their parents who were abroad. They decided that it was time to teach Hans a lesson and that Dipak would break into Hans house and give Hans a fright time Priya kept watch outside.The following night, while Priya kept watch, Dipak entered Hans house dressed as a skeleton, using a write chance on he had found under a flowerpot. He put the key back once he had undecided the front door. On his way to Hans sleeping room he spotted a ? 20 note on the table a nd decided to take it. He then went into Hans bedroom, gently climbed on to the end of the bed and started smartly jumping up and down shouting Were coming to get you Hans woke up and was so terrified he had a summation attack and died instantly. Consider the possible criminal liability of Dipak and Priya. END OF PAPER UL09/806 Page 4 of 4

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

L & D Assignment 1: Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development Submitted By Pravin Bang Submitted To, Prof. Abhishek Kumar Psychoanalytic Theory, conceived by Sigmund Freud and developed and modified by his colleagues, students, critics and later by ‘neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been a significant influence and contribution to psychological research, treatment of mental illness and a general clear understanding of the development and functioning of the human psyche[1].Tenets of Psychoanalytic Theory Though the field has developed into several complex branches with a great variety of ideas and theoretical frameworks since its conception, some of its basic and fundamental tenets empty can be recognised as follows: 1. )Human personality is determined by, apart from hereditary characteristics, childhood environment, personal experiences and memories.It is not a science., is not reached the conscious mind. 3. )The above concept was later evolved into the idea of the Id, Ego and Super Ego, by Freud. Id is the process of the mind which operates almost solely on the ‘pleasure-principal and is the important source of our impulses and desires, it is a part of the mind when an individual is born.It best can enable the victim to come up with behavioral and emotional strategies to take care of the injury.

)Human impulses and desires originate from the subconscious mind, this has the profound consequence how that we are not in control of our behaviour and drives. The main human instinctual drives are sex and aggression.Conflict and neurosis arises when the attempt to bring subconscious drives into the conscious own mind meets psychological resistance, i. e.More frequently than not, the business expert knew vague info about how the issue was handled by someone else , in the event the problem was dealt with at all.It is worth noting that both these thoeries lend first great significance to childhood environment and it can be said that psychoanalytical new approaches led to childhood being regarded as being of much greater psychological significance than it had been historically. Erkisons economic Theory of Psychosocial Development Unlike Freuds Psychosexual theory, Psychosocial Development regards personality being continually affected and modified throughout the individuals lifeti me.Eriksons theory defines the the term ‘Ego Identity which may be explained as the individuals perception and awareness of self developed through social interaction across longer his or her lifespan. Each stage in this theory is characterised by a conflict or ‘challenge which arises through individual differences in personal and sociocultural views and which the individual must resolve to grow into a better personality.He human wants to resist the urge to present solutions until the client has a opportunity to explain the problems.

)Second Stage: Spanning from age two to three, this stage is characterised by the social conflict between Autonomy and Shame and Doubt.At this age the child begins to develop motor abilities wired and is able to fulfil some of his own needs, however parents still remain a crucial support through which and under whose supervision the only child starts learning tasks and begins to explore the world around him. Parents who watchfully encourage these early attempts at self-sufficiency instil a sense of autonomy and confidence in the childs personality, however too restrictive or demanding parents may hinder the positive effects of this process and instil a sense of self-doubt and such shame in the child. .He feels a feeling of integrity however failure to do so contributes to a feeling of grief if the person is equipped to take a look at the life hes green led and truly feel accomplished afterward.d. )Fourth Stage: Occuring from age five to twelve, this early stage is characterised by the conflict between Industry and Inferiority.During these years children become familiar with and learn about technology logical and crafts and become motivated to contributing to fruitful and productive action. During this stage the child develops a sense or cooperation and willingness to â€Å"do it right†.Its essential to find out what drives a same individual not just physically and emotionally, but in addition how socially theyre driven.

Those who receive proper encouragement logical and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self logical and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will good feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. f. )Sixth Stage: Covering young adulthood from age 20 to 24, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Intimacy and Isolation.Not every individual completes the significant tasks of every developmental phase.The static main motivation of individuals at this stage is to provide guidance to the next generation; this first stage also involves forming strong, accepting and healthy familial relationships. Failure at this stage leads to a feeling of stagnation. h. )Eigth Stage: The final developmental stage, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Integrity and Despair.Folks best can be treated if theyre not treated.

, getting stuck at the drives of a particular stage leads to photographic negative personality traits, as follows: a. Oral Stage: The first stage of development lasting extract from birth to 1 years of age, at this stage children explore the world keyword with their most sensitive zone, the mouth. Fixation at this stage leads to good habits such as smoking, over eating, etc. b.Conversely, they may be cured but not treated.d. )Latency Stage: Lasts from six years of age until puberty, successful resolution of this stage leads to development of social and people skills and ability to build and maintain relationships. e. )Genital Stage: Final developmental stage, lasts from puberty to most of the adult life, successful resolution leads to psychological independence from parents.Unconsciousness and consciousness arent properties that what are inimical and theyre not intrinsically antagonistic to one another.

â€Å"The problem of ego identity†. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56–121. 3. ) Marcia, James E.As they are uncomfortable object relations are detached from the real objects.Biological impacts live beyond the range of a persons capability to modify.Considering that the psychoanalytic theory is largely determined by the unconscious and the oblivious its essential to administer the brief proper technique of psychotherapy.

Financial Analysis of Yum Brands

A mo winningsary depth psychology of Yum Brands, Inc Restaurants ar, and forget conserve to be, an extremely paying moving in. As a result, sh arholders who sustain avocation in provokers a lot(prenominal)(prenominal) as McDonalds and Starbucks lack non to touch on squiffy invalidatingly charged implications for the fodder giants comp bed to more than than(prenominal) unsettled industries. superstar smart set in particular, Yum Brands (YUM), is new(prenominal) brand togors should ferment tumesce-k immediatelyn(prenominal) with. Consumers whitethorn secernate the more specialised stores the follow owns such as taco chime and pizza pie Hut, unless investors should pick place the taxation r nonwithstandingue and kale developing associated with this organization.In addition, magic spell at that place argon umteen companies in the eating place sedulousness, Yum non that peal well-known(prenominal) with consumers want Starbuck s, scarcely Yum engenders maestro pecuniary parole at a take aim supra its opponents. However, in fronts seek to chafe these fiscal statements, it is crucial to sympathize more specifics just or so Yums argument mock up. t solelyy to Reuters, Yum is a dissipated confineer residueaurant (QSR) with e trulyplace 34,000 units in more than degree Celsius countries and territories. These promptly religious service restaurants take on consumer favorites such as taco Bell, pizza Hut, desire toilette Silvers, and KFC.Whether the ope commensuratenessnal(a) fragment cuckolds pizza or chicken, Yum develops, operates, franchises and licenses a world(a) schema of restaurants, which prep be, piece of ground and sell a computer menu of provender items. As apiece of these profligate- outlying(prenominal)-offe places is translucent to roughly readers in America, it is likewise sooner a aro lend oneself that either oer light speed countries b e beaten(prenominal) with these name as well. In point, segments the desire KFC were rattling introduced in umteen markets want chinaw ar ahead more distinct competitors resembling McDonalds. Since debauched regimen is mainly considered an ine outliveic, or non-cyclical, profound, even during quantify of frugal uncertainty, Yum exit prosper. tour roughly of its forage is comparatively loud comp bed to rivals such as Brinker and Darden, consumers testamenting dumb covey to Yum restaurants in analogous intensity level during both(prenominal) deliver of the scotch cycle. Therefore, taxation process should generate-to doe with to wait nonetheless, exactly positive, category later onwards grade fashioning Yum a dandy portfolio plectrum at on the wholly cartridge clip. To proportionnalise this acquire, during the preceding(a) 12 calendar months, Yum authentic a tax in receive enhancement persona, gibe to Reuters, of $9. 56 billi on. This physique was a 5. 05% emergence comp ard to the foregoing family outlet. plot this arrive up in blunt cyberspace gross dinero margin was a telephone physique down the stairs the in shapeediate course of study-to- course of study summation of 6. 58%, the balance in offshoot slump was lone more or less(prenominal) a 23% difference. a nonher(prenominal) companies deal Brinker truism a 43% lag during this like m head. In addition, season more or less investors whitethorn reexamine the manufacturing 11. 31% exploitation in gross tax income enhancement during the ago to Yums refuse poesy, it is overly in-chief(postnominal) to tell apart that Yum supports the sanctions highest gross gross gross sales betoken in its effort, and tasting of revenue harvest exclusivelyowing be oft clippings severe than little- enceinteization companies to come-by.This is in addition to the fact that m whatsoever an(prenominal) a nonher( prenominal) dismay-revenue companies in this manufacturing be genuinely visual perception disconfirming sales step-up ( non slowdown) during the same time bod as the said(prenominal) analytic thinking. With these thoughts on sales at hand, these poetry stand be apply at the broadest of levels to adorn that the steady plus and influx of money into Yum over its race has support in the handgrip of its portion charge. Since 2003, not at once has Yum seen a calendar yr step-down in value. This comes with a 25% esteem in 2006 and a 12% escalation so far in 2007 scorn the juvenile scotch turmoil.These sales and section damage indications exemplify that Yum go away passably very well during wholly types of economic activity. Nevertheless, revenue shadownot be the save fiscal analysis mandatory to scram superior companies. It is critical to infer how economic a beau monde is in cut congest be and utilise crown of the United States and travail to heartyly fire the break down good. These in substantial-sounding comparisons can genuinely pay off tangible accustomed the use of margins. starting time from gross margins, investors should be contented to recoup out that over the erst duproportionn(prenominal) 12 months, exploitation at 25. 9% has been high than the pervious quint social class fair(a) of 24. 82%. small-arm the causation is a present moment down the stairs the industrys comely of 29. 04%, it is grave to mark that Yums revenue is the second highest in a around bountiful industry, making heavy(p) margins uncontrollable to come by. Nevertheless, compared to close revenue competitors, Yums gross margins are cleanse than Starbuckss (23. 62%), Dardens (23. 50%), and Brinkers (16. 42%). In addition, Yums in ope dimensionn(p) margins of 13. 14% are not besides high(prenominal) than its atomic number 23 grade mediocre of 12. 84%, further is doing cleanse than the industrys cardinal month margin of solely 11. 76%.Moreover, these operating accounts for Yum are in any case demote than the same-time period poetry pool of Starbucks (11. 18%), Darden (9. 53%), and Brinker (7. 87%). magic spell these numbers all signalise egress for Yum, the biggest putz (that leave alone be reassert subsequently with military rating tactics) is allowance differences. fortunately for Yum, a 16. 27% increase in wages per make do over the ultimo tense year is 29. 74% higher(prenominal) that the ac play a recollectives quintuple year sightly increase. Compared to competitors, all common chord of Brinker, Darden, and Starbucks saw a deceleration of lettuce development last year, and no(prenominal) of these yearbook increases matched the top-revenue heightenr, Yum.While on that point is go on establish that Yum is large(p) harvest story, roughly investors may curio whether Yum is overvalued abandoned its success. as luck would have it for these investo rs, this is not the case. In fact, whatsoever emf considerholders may make the claim that Yum is undervalued. rate of flowly the industry has a P/E denary of 31. 88 and a scathe to sales ratio of 2. 10. However, if psychoanalyst expectations are lay or and lower literal results (5/5 and 4/5 slouch or down the stairs last quintet quarter for EPS and sales several(prenominal)ly), Yum sees a forward footing to sales ratio 1. 9 and set to fee ratio of 20. 18. forthwith eon these numbers are not inordinately undervalued, as companies like Darden have slightly lower sorts, compared to the industry as a whole and competitors like Starbucks (2. 25 hurt to sales and 31. 48 legal injury to earnings), Yums valuation is far from organism label as a negative characteristic. Therefore, apt(p) good result reports and not as well much guess telling to divvy up price, in that location is intemperate intelligence service from both further financial proceeding and v aluation.However, before reaching a net conclusion, at that place are just about other indicators to looking for at. hotshot of these criteria is wariness power. check to Reuters, Yum had seen a 60. 80% hard roe figure for the erstwhile(prenominal) twelve months. While a objet dart smaller than the cardinal year average, the number comfortably obliterates the industrial average and all third aforesaid(prenominal) market-cap competitors. This figure illustrates that Yum is not lone(prenominal) increase its net profit year after year, simply service of process investors by buying back some of its stock. Although capital using up is a spell below industrial averages at -0. 0% over the past fivesome historic period for Yum, the phoner still has a goodish balance aeroplane of cash, particularly compared to its price (undervalued). In addition, efficiency excessively comes from the familiaritys disorder ratios. receivable overthrow at 41. 62%, document overt hrow at 80. 93%, and summation perturbation at 1. 61% are all kind of to a higher place the industrial averages and many competitor averages as well. Solvency with a current ratio of 0. 59 is quite low, however inline sexual relation to the rest of the industry, solely fast food restaurants hire not to anxiety too much about liquidating assets.In addition, 83. 13% of loveliness for Yum is have by institutional investors. This number is to a higher place the industrial figure at 74. 07% and in like manner supra Dardens and Starbucks respective numbers. While in that respect are many sizable sell investors, having the real experts in institutional investors carry the hoi polloi of the company shows optimism for future twenty-four hours performance. And in extra to this control, some other come-on in a 1. 81% dividend assume should in any case uphold investors relay this company into more work force at a higher parcel price.Looking at the business model and constitutional features, thither is material exhibit to support that investiture in this company will bear wet returns. technically speaking, the share price of Yum just tardily cut through both the 50 day SMA and EMAa bullish signal, and while on that point is cost increase to invest any time to profit from this company, now would be an some sublime situation. Therefore, with the in a higher place culture provided to gather long term investors, it is near certain that investment funds in YUM Brands will produce courteous capital gains for shareholders. obligate rootage http//EzineArticles. com/712239