Student Republican Party Platform Essay -- Politics Political Science

PreambleThe dawn of a new millennium is upon us and we, the Republican Party, be amply prepared to meet the challenges that await us. This past century, due to the resilience and determi country of the American people, our country has experienced more growth and prosperity than any former(a) nation in recorded history. However, dark challenges threaten the moral fiber of this great nation. The past eight years, under Clintons leadership, the national government has lacked the resolution to effectively battle the dangerously extremist trends that have gradually forced their way into the American culture. In order for America to be the great nation it once was, the Republican Party must be in power. The Republican Party has a batch that will lead America into the 21st Century. This vision is well grounded in the strong American traditions of family, community and faith in God. We believe that the traditional family is the foundation upon which our great nation was built, and we must strive to cheer and support this institution. Our track record in Congress has shown the American people that the Republican Party is able to provide quality leadership. We have addressed alpha issues such as family values, jobs, education and the welfare of all Americans. We have enacted legislation such as the Defense of Marriage Act to protect the institution of the family from the evil social forces that threaten its stability. We have also addressed the issue of welfare by requiring that all able-bodied welfare recipients work for their benefits, thereby lessening the pecuniary burden carried by American taxpayers since welfare recipients are now forced to be more responsible for their own livelihood. Welfare is no longe... ...ly decrease after(prenominal) one year if they work less then 20 hours a week. By the second year he/she will be cut from the welfare system. Illegal aliens may only qualify for emergency hospital care. Low-income housing will be provided for welfare recipient for as long as they are receiving benefits rent fees will be directly deducted from the welfare check. In order to stop the flow of poverty from one generation to another, we, the Republican Party, believe that schoolhouse choice is an integral part of getting future generations off welfare. The ability to get education outside of ones limited world will insure the developing of a responsible adult. Welfare was designed to help out Americans in need. Although we encourage this view, some recipients have over stayed their welcome and made welfare into a lifestyle. Our goal as a party is to limit those bad apples.

Free Essays - Nuts that are not Nuts in A Book of Showings :: Book of Showings Essays

Analysis of Nuts Which Are Not Nuts in A Book of Showings circular Because of the proper(postnominal) nature of the text, I thought it might be useful to attach the whole of it on the cover page for perusal at blank if you so desire. Below is the text from the Norton Anthology of English Literature (p. 295), and under that the assumptions I make in reading the text. The former is directly from the book, and as it is all told on star page, I will refrain from noting that page perpetuallyy time I reference the text. If you wish examples, everything is below and will be treated as my propose of reference in all situations. The latter atomic number 18 important so that I dont have to cover them in the body of the essay, as they argon primarily logical assumptions gleaned from the reading which I dont have the space to spend time explaining. They whitethorn be referenced for the proof, however. And in this he showed a detailed thing, the bar of an hazelnut, lying in the pa lm of my hand, as me seemed, and it was as round as a ball. I looked t hereon with the eye of my understanding, and thought What may this be? And it was answered loosely thus It is all that is make. I marvelled how it might last, for me thought it might suddenly have fallen to secret code for littleness. And I was answered in my understanding It lasteth and ever shall, for divinity fudge loveth it and so hath all thing being by the love of theology. In this little thing I saw three properties. The first is that God made it, the second that God loveth it, the third that God keepeth it. But what beheld I therein? Verily, the maker, the keeper, the lover. For till I am substantially united to him I may never have full serenity ne very bliss that is to say that I be so fastened to him that there be overcompensate nada that is made between my God and me. This little thing that is made, me thought it might have fallen to nought for littleness. Of this needeth us to have knowledg e, that us liketh nought all thing that is made, for to love and have God that is unmade. For this is the cause why we be not all in case of heart and of soul, for we seek here rest in this thing that is so little, where no rest is in, and we know not our God, that is almighty, all wise and all good, for he is very rest.Free Essays - Nuts that are not Nuts in A Book of Showings Book of Showings Essays Analysis of Nuts Which Are Not Nuts in A Book of Showings Note Because of the specific nature of the text, I thought it might be useful to attach the whole of it on the cover page for perusal at leisure if you so desire. Below is the text from the Norton Anthology of English Literature (p. 295), and under that the assumptions I make in reading the text. The former is directly from the book, and as it is all on one page, I will refrain from noting that page every time I reference the text. If you wish examples, everything is below and will be treated as my point of reference in all situations. The latter are important so that I dont have to cover them in the body of the essay, as they are generally logical assumptions gleaned from the reading which I dont have the space to spend time explaining. They may be referenced for the proof, however. And in this he showed a little thing, the quantity of an hazelnut, lying in the palm of my hand, as me seemed, and it was as round as a ball. I looked thereon with the eye of my understanding, and thought What may this be? And it was answered generally thus It is all that is made. I marvelled how it might last, for me thought it might suddenly have fallen to nought for littleness. And I was answered in my understanding It lasteth and ever shall, for God loveth it and so hath all thing being by the love of God. In this little thing I saw three properties. The first is that God made it, the second that God loveth it, the third that God keepeth it. But what beheld I therein? Verily, the maker, the keeper, the lover. For till I am substantially united to him I may never have full rest ne very bliss that is to say that I be so fastened to him that there be right nought that is made between my God and me. This little thing that is made, me thought it might have fallen to nought for littleness. Of this needeth us to have knowledge, that us liketh nought all thing that is made, for to love and have God that is unmade. For this is the cause why we be not all in case of heart and of soul, for we seek here rest in this thing that is so little, where no rest is in, and we know not our God, that is almighty, all wise and all good, for he is very rest.

Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

Whos The Noblest of the Main Characters in Julius Caesar?When attempting to get a read on all the characters of the play JuliusCaesar and which one has the smallest flaws you need to look at eachcharacter and evaluate them individually. You drop to consider if Aristotlewould consider them noble or not. You have to decipher if the characters arebeing noble for the right reasons. You have to also look at which charactersexhibit positive virtues and which ones dont. Aristotle says, virtue orexcellence is a characteristic involving choice, and that it consists inobserving the symbolise relation to us, a mean which is defined by a rationaleprincipal, such as a man of practical wisdom would use to determine it. It isthe mean by reference to the two vices the once of excess and the other ofdeficiency. It is, moreover, a mean because some vices exceed and fall shortof what is required in feeling and in action, whereas virtue finds and choosesa median. Hence in respect of its essence and definition of its essentialnature virtue is a mean, but in regard to goodness and excellence it is anextreme(Aristotle 1107a, 1-8). None of the main characters are truly nobleor virtuous but no one in reality is. Of all the main characters I find that Brutushas the least amount of flaws. But he too is not deficient of flaws. In order toprove my bear witness I will give reasons why some of the other characters cannotbe considered the noblest of them all. The almighty, egotistical and borderline arrogant Julius Caesar had hisflaws. Caesar proved to be deficient in alarm while also exhibiting excessivecourage. In attempting to prove how courageous he was, Caesar wanted toprove a point to Cassuis by jumping into the flooded Tiber river. Caesar stateto Cassuis, Darst thou, Cassuis, now Leap in with me into this angry flood,And swim to yonder point(Shakespeare, 1.2-102-104)? After they jumpedinto the water a dismayed Cassius describes what happens next, Upon theword, Accoutred as I wa s, I plunged in And bode him follow so indeed hedid. The torrent roared, and we did buffet it with lusty sinews, throwing itaside And stemming it with hearts of controversy. But eve we could arrivethe. point proposed, Caesar cried support me Cassuis or I sink(Shakespeare1.2, 104-111) Cassius then saved his life. Caesars whole point of jumpinginto the raging flood was to prove how courageous he was, but he was closelykilled for his reckless behavior.

The Battle of the Bulge :: World War II History

The Battle of the BulgeThe purpose of this speech for the class is to profits better knowledge of one of the most tragic and devastating battles of World War II, the Battle of the Bulge. To Better understand The Battle of the Bulge I go forth explain to you the cause of the battle, location of the battle, when it took place, who was the battle fought between, the number of soldiers involved, and the number of casualties. The prelude to the Battle of the Bulge began on a winter day in mid-December of 1944. ternary powerful German voices, were the last German offensives in the west at that time during World War II. They began after the Normandy invasion in June 1944. assort had forces brush rapidly through France but became stalled along the German border earlier that year in September. On December 16, 1944 taking advantage of the weather, which kept the Allied aircraft on the ground, the Germans launched a counteroffensive through the semi-mountainous and heavily-forested Ardenne s region in Germany, and advanced 31 miles into Belgium and northern Luxembourg near the Meuse River. Their goal was to trap four allied armies, class the Americans and the British to force negotiated peace along the western front, and retake the vital seaport of Antwerp in Belgium. Thinking the Ardennes was the least likely spot for a German offensive, American staff commander chose to keep the thin line, so that manpower might concentrate on offensives north and south of the Ardennes known as the turn up in the Allied lines. These American lines were thinly held by three divisions in the Allied Army and part of a forth division, while fifth division was making a local attack and the sixth division was in reserve. Division sectors were more than double the width of normal defensive fronts, therefore there were more men scattered along a larger area. The German advance was halted near the Meuse River in late December. Even though the German ugly achieved total surprise, nowhere did the American troops give ground without a fight. Within three days, the determined American stand and the arrival of powerful reinforcements see that the ambitious German goal was far beyond reach. In snow and sub-freezing temperatures the Germans fell short of their interim objective- to reach the rambling Meuse River on the edge of the Ardennes. save they managed to avoid being cut off by an Allied Pincer movement.

Margaret Laurence :: essays research papers

Jean Margaret (Peggy) Wemyss was born(p)(p) in Neepewa, Manitoba on July 18, 1926 to Robert Harrison Wemyss, a lawyer, and Verna Jean, nee Simpson. Margarets mother died when she was only four and her father later married her sister, Margaret Cambell Simpson, a teacher and later a librarian. She was throughout the historic period one of Margarets "greatest encouragers." After her fathers death, when she was nine and her brother still a baby, the family went to live with Grandfather Simpson in his big brick house on first avenue.&9After graduating from high school in 1944, Margaret attended United College (now the University of Winnipeg), and was an booster editor of the college paper, Vox. She graduated from United College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1946, and married John Fergus Laurence on September on September 13, 1947, in the Neepewa United Church. She then worked for a time as a reporter for the Winnipeg Citizen.&9In 1950, after living for a year in England, Margaret and her conserve moved to British Somaliland. While there, she wrote a translation of Somali prose and poetry, "A Tree for Poetry." A travel book, "The Prophets Camel Bell," written some old age later, describes the Laurences experience in Somaliland. They moved to Accra, Ghana in 1952, with their 2-month-old daughter Jocelyn. During their five years in Africa, Margaret produced her first novel, "This Side Jordan," which won the 1961 Beta Sigma Phi Award for the high hat first novel by a Canadian. A collection of short stories, "The Tomorrow Tamer," Written a few years later, is also set in West Africa. Out of her African years came an interest in contemporary literature by Africans, which resulted in her study of Nigerian fiction and drama, Long Drums and Cannons. The Laurences son, David, was born in Ghana in 1955.&9After having Africa, they moved to Vancouver for five years. During this time Margaret wrote "The Christmas as Birthday Story." They then moved to England for seven years. In the ten-year period, 1964-1974, the Manawaka books were publish "The Stone Angel" (1964), "A Jest of God" (1969), "The Fire Dwellers" (1969), "A Bird in the House" (1970), and "The Diviners" (1974).Margaret Laurence essays look for papers Jean Margaret (Peggy) Wemyss was born in Neepewa, Manitoba on July 18, 1926 to Robert Harrison Wemyss, a lawyer, and Verna Jean, nee Simpson. Margarets mother died when she was only four and her father later married her sister, Margaret Cambell Simpson, a teacher and later a librarian. She was throughout the years one of Margarets "greatest encouragers." After her fathers death, when she was nine and her brother still a baby, the family went to live with Grandfather Simpson in his big brick house on first avenue.&9After graduating from high school in 1944, Margaret attended United College (now the University of Winnipeg), and was an ava il editor of the college paper, Vox. She graduated from United College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1946, and married John Fergus Laurence on September on September 13, 1947, in the Neepewa United Church. She then worked for a time as a reporter for the Winnipeg Citizen.&9In 1950, after living for a year in England, Margaret and her conserve moved to British Somaliland. While there, she wrote a translation of Somali prose and poetry, "A Tree for Poetry." A travel book, "The Prophets Camel Bell," written some years later, describes the Laurences experience in Somaliland. They moved to Accra, Ghana in 1952, with their 2-month-old daughter Jocelyn. During their five years in Africa, Margaret produced her first novel, "This Side Jordan," which won the 1961 Beta Sigma Phi Award for the beaver first novel by a Canadian. A collection of short stories, "The Tomorrow Tamer," Written a few years later, is also set in West Africa. Out of her African years came an interest in contemporary literature by Africans, which resulted in her study of Nigerian fiction and drama, Long Drums and Cannons. The Laurences son, David, was born in Ghana in 1955.&9After having Africa, they moved to Vancouver for five years. During this time Margaret wrote "The Christmas as Birthday Story." They then moved to England for seven years. In the ten-year period, 1964-1974, the Manawaka books were promulgated "The Stone Angel" (1964), "A Jest of God" (1969), "The Fire Dwellers" (1969), "A Bird in the House" (1970), and "The Diviners" (1974).

Margaret Laurence :: essays research papers

Jean Margaret (Peggy) Wemyss was born in Neepewa, Manitoba on July 18, 1926 to Robert Harrison Wemyss, a lawyer, and Verna Jean, nee Simpson. Margarets take died when she was only four and her father later marital her sister, Margaret Cambell Simpson, a teacher and later a librarian. She was throughout the years one of Margarets "greatest encouragers." subsequently her fathers death, when she was nine and her brother still a baby, the family went to live with Grandfather Simpson in his big brick house on first avenue.&9 later on graduating from high school in 1944, Margaret attended United College (now the University of Winnipeg), and was an assistant editor of the college paper, Vox. She graduated from United College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1946, and matrimonial John Fergus Laurence on September on September 13, 1947, in the Neepewa United Church. She then worked for a time as a reporter for the Winnipeg Citizen.&9In 1950, after living for a year in England, Ma rgaret and her husband moved to British Somaliland. While there, she wrote a translation of Somali prose and poetry, "A Tree for Poetry." A travel book, "The Prophets Camel Bell," written some years later, describes the Laurences experience in Somaliland. They moved to Accra, Ghana in 1952, with their 2-month-old daughter Jocelyn. During their five years in Africa, Margaret produced her first novel, "This Side Jordan," which won the 1961 Beta Sigma Phi Award for the best first novel by a Canadian. A collection of short stories, "The Tomorrow Tamer," write a few years later, is also set in West Africa. Out of her African years came an interest in contemporary literature by Africans, which resulted in her study of Nigerian fiction and drama, Long Drums and Cannons. The Laurences son, David, was born in Ghana in 1955.&9 later having Africa, they moved to Vancouver for five years. During this time Margaret wrote "The Christmas as Birthday Story." They then moved to England for seven years. In the ten-year period, 1964-1974, the Manawaka books were published "The Stone Angel" (1964), "A Jest of God" (1969), "The Fire Dwellers" (1969), "A Bird in the House" (1970), and "The Diviners" (1974).Margaret Laurence essays research papers Jean Margaret (Peggy) Wemyss was born in Neepewa, Manitoba on July 18, 1926 to Robert Harrison Wemyss, a lawyer, and Verna Jean, nee Simpson. Margarets generate died when she was only four and her father later married her sister, Margaret Cambell Simpson, a teacher and later a librarian. She was throughout the years one of Margarets "greatest encouragers." afterwards her fathers death, when she was nine and her brother still a baby, the family went to live with Grandfather Simpson in his big brick house on first avenue.&9After graduating from high school in 1944, Margaret attended United College (now the University of Winnipeg), and was an assista nt editor of the college paper, Vox. She graduated from United College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1946, and married John Fergus Laurence on September on September 13, 1947, in the Neepewa United Church. She then worked for a time as a reporter for the Winnipeg Citizen.&9In 1950, after living for a year in England, Margaret and her husband moved to British Somaliland. While there, she wrote a translation of Somali prose and poetry, "A Tree for Poetry." A travel book, "The Prophets Camel Bell," written some years later, describes the Laurences experience in Somaliland. They moved to Accra, Ghana in 1952, with their 2-month-old daughter Jocelyn. During their five years in Africa, Margaret produced her first novel, "This Side Jordan," which won the 1961 Beta Sigma Phi Award for the best first novel by a Canadian. A collection of short stories, "The Tomorrow Tamer," compose a few years later, is also set in West Africa. Out of her African years cam e an interest in contemporary literature by Africans, which resulted in her study of Nigerian fiction and drama, Long Drums and Cannons. The Laurences son, David, was born in Ghana in 1955.&9After having Africa, they moved to Vancouver for five years. During this time Margaret wrote "The Christmas as Birthday Story." They then moved to England for seven years. In the ten-year period, 1964-1974, the Manawaka books were published "The Stone Angel" (1964), "A Jest of God" (1969), "The Fire Dwellers" (1969), "A Bird in the House" (1970), and "The Diviners" (1974).

Becoming Mexican American Essay

comely Mexican American A study into the cultural developments of Mexican immigrants to the United States The utilisation of this paper is to review and discuss the inviting work of George Sanchez, Becoming Mexican American Ethnicity, Culture and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945. While reviewing this work of Sanchez, the essay will make use of an article written by saving grace Pena Delgado relating to the immigration issues of the United States in the early twentieth century.Delgados article, _At Exclusions Southern Gate Changing Categories of fly the coop and Class among Chinese Froterizos_ discusses the Chinese immigrants in northern Mexico. To provide the reader with accurate and concise information the original works of the two authors will be used extensively, as the purpose of the essay is to criticize these works. The essay will also make use of a number of internet web-sites for general information on the Mexican and American historiesof the early twentieth cen tury. A detailed list of books and resources used in writing this paper will be provided at the end, in the form of a bibliography.In conclusion, the essays purpose is to provide detailed and concise criticism of George Sanchezs book, Becoming Mexican American, while supporting the criticism with coldcock Delgados article. Ceren Keskin 207138579 BIBLIOGRAPHY Sanchez, George. Becoming Mexican American Ethnicity, Culture and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945. Oxford University Press, 1995. Delgado, Grace Pena. At Exclusions Southern Gate Changing Categories of Race and Class among Chinese Froterizos___. _In the Continental Crossroads, 183-200. Duke University Press, 2004.

Comparison between Creon and Antigone in Oedipus the King Essay

In the Oedipus plays, two of the major characters include Creon, the brother in law of Oedipus and Antig single, the daughter of Oedipus. Although these two characters play different roles in the plays Oedipus the King and Antig unitary, they share a lot of similarities. Basic ally, one of the similarities that Creon and Antigone have is that the burdens that they carried by means ofout the plays were passed down to them by Oedipus following his hurry and exile. After Oedupiss exile, Creon assumed the throne of Thebes and took control of the city.Although his intentions in ruling Thebes are pure, like Oedipus who refused to listen to the blind prophet when he told him that he was the one who murdered his father, Creons judgment was blinded when he initially refused to give proper burial rites to his enemy, Polynices, Oedipus son. As a result, Antigone, hanged herself, causing her lover Haemon, Creons son, to eat himself as well. Likewise, Antigone inherited the dourness of his f ather when she defied Creons order deny the corpse of Polynices, her brother, a proper burial.For her defiance, Creon had her thrown into a tomb, where she committed suicide through hanging. In short, both Creon and Antigone were affected by Oedipuss tragic downfall as he apparently passed down his misfortunes to those who succeeded him and to his family members. Antigone herself said this in her conversation with her sister, in which she said My own flesh and blooddear sister, dear Ismene, how many griefs our father Oedipus handed down Do you know one, I ask you, one grief that Zeus will not perfect for the two of us while we still live and breathe?Theres nothing, no acheour lives are painno private shame, no public disgrace, nothing I havent seen in your grief and mine. In other words, Antigone wheel spoke as if tragedies are passed down in Oedipuss family like they were family heirlooms. Moreover, both Creon and Antigone exemplified also suffered the same losses. Creon disord ered his son, Haemon, and his wife, Eurydice who both committed suicide while Antigone lost her father, Oedipus, and her two brothers, Polynices and Eteocles, who killed each other while fighting over who would rule over Thebes. In other words, both characters were left alone in their personalised battles.However, while the two characters share several similarities, they also have various differences. For one, Antigone acknowledges the past tragedies as shown in the quote above and uses them as a motif to move forward. Moreover, she is more bold and prudent than Creon as shown during their confrontation in which he asked her why she was defying him and she answered, I didnt cite yes. I can say no to anything I say vile, and I dont have to count the cost. But because you said yes, all that you can do, for all youre wind and your trappings, and your guardsall that your can do is to have me killed. On the other hand, Creon is a manipulative and narrow-minded person as shown in his initial refusal to believe in the blind prophets prediction. His personality is best shown in his description of Thebes wherein he said, Anarchyshow me a greater crime in all the earth She, she destroys cities, rips up houses, breaks the ranks of spearmen into headlong rout. But the ones who last it out, the great mass of them owe their lives to discipline. Therefore we must defend the men who live by law, neer let some woman triumph over us. Better to fall from power, if fall we must, at the hands of a mannever be rated middle-level to a woman, never. In sum, while both characters share similarities due to their close relationship with Oedipus, they also have differences that distinguish their characters. Antigone is a realistic, decisive yet stubborn character while Creon is a person who holds himself in high esteem but later realizes he is human as well. Works Cited Oedipus the King. 2008. The Internet Classics Archive. 3 April 2008 . Antigone. 2008. 2008. The Internet Classi cs Archive. 3 April 2008 .

Coach of the Army Crew

Army Crew Case Analysis Coach of the Army Crew Coach P. selected the top eight rowers for the first police squad up boat after a long series of objective tests measuring each members speed, strength and coordination. The Varsity team had a clear expediency over the Junior Varsity team. So, how could Junior Varsity team beat the Varsity team in two-thirds of the time in practice races? There be demonstrable reasons behind the bad action of the Varsity team. Coach P. lacking a leaders couldnt see the signs of Varsity team having serious problems as a team.The problem with Coach P. s coaching mistake started with the team selection process of Varsity team members. He managed to measure individual performances successfully by using ergometer and weight records. However, as important as individual skills were, it was essential for the eight individual members to be a team and synchronize their rowing. His performance and team building criteria lacked personality factors. However, r owing needs a perfect teamwork and mental strength of the crew members. U. S.Olympic Committees research project showed that the cut through coaches those who were most experienced and successful tended to condense on psychological variables as the most important criteria for a successful crew team whereas novice coaches tended to focus on technique just like Coach P. did. Selecting a team solely dependent on individual technical performance resulted in very(prenominal) serious problems among team members. Coach P. lacking leadership skills had no vision about the team having serious trust and coordination problems.Just before National championships races, he for the world-class time- included personality dimensions to analyze the team. It revealed that the Varsity team had no team leaders and had team disrupters instead. He brought in an external party to improve their confidence, meanness and motivation of the Varsity team which the Varsity team labeled it as touch-feely. Ot her than bringing in an external party, he should have acted as a leader and seduce the opera hat decision for the group by using Rational Decision Making Model steps first by identifying the problem, generating solutions, selecting the best solution and implementing it.He should have showed a transformation leadership which would increase acceptance and support from the Varsity Team. Each set of the transformational leadership behavior was very crucial for the disrupted team * Inspirational motivation (establishing a vision using emotion) It is very obvious that the Varsity team had superior performance individually and they ignore perform oft better if they believe in their team. However, they are demotivated and lost their beliefs in the team. Coach P. encouraged competition between JV and V groups which touch on Varsity team negatively.Other than creating a tension between teams, he should have motivated each team separately and should have built close relationships with me mbers and provided an yield and direct communication with them. * Idealized influence (sacrificing for the great good) Team disrupters decreased the motivation of the team and the team had no leaders. Coach P. relied on third parties such(prenominal) as Center of Enhanced Performance (CEP) and asked the group What is your solution? other than trying to make the best decision himself and then take the right step.For the greater good of the team, he should have demoted the team disrupters. For the rest of the team she should have worked with each member individually to set their goals and increase their motivation. * Individualized consideration (providing support) The Varsity teams most important problem is motivation and lacking a team spirit. To over distinguish this problem, Coach P. should have showed his support and provide clean communication with the team. Instead, he tried to find the right combination by switching members of the teams and causing a tension among Varsity and JV boats.He should have realise from the very beginning that the problem is not about physical but it was psychological. By trying different combinations, he made the teams psychological science even worse. * Intellectual stimulation (encouraging employees to question the status quo) Coach P. should have let them negotiate and come to an agreement about the situation but it was very late for him to hold a group meeting just before National championships. Coach P. should have realized the trust and coordination problems of the team and should resolve the problems much earlier.As a good leader, he should have built the team depending on both physical and personality factors in the first place. He should have demoted team disrupters for better teamwork and motivation among the rest of the team members. To resolve the conflict between Varsity team, he should have provided a better communication among them. That way, they would have come to an agreement without any support from an e xternal party like CEP. To create a team spirit, he should have done team building games and activities and make them socialize with each other. Both the team members and the coach dont know and trust each other.Just like basketball coach, Coach K. s leadership style he should have been a loved leader who creates personal interaction and drives performance through look on. He should have built trust and respect among teammates and himself. After achieving these goals, it is very important to motivate the team to achieve a better performance. For Varsity team, following Lockes Goal Setting Theory, creating SMART (goals that are specific in their orientation, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-based) and right level of goals would increase the motivation and effort.Returning to case, Coach P. should not switch Varsity and Junior Varsity boats even though Varsity will perform badly in the Championships. That way, he will show his support and trust to Varsity team. If he chooses JV team to compete, he might lose the Varsity team forever. He shouldnt switch team members other than the team disrupters. Varsity boat has a clear advantage over Junior Varsity team but they lacked a teamwork and synergy. As a coach he should make them feel like a team again and perform their best in the Championships.

Halal Food Essay

Hello Ladies and gentlemen, this is our final project for Journalism and Mass Communication senior class video presentation, an interview from the capital of Taiwan Grand Mosque Assistant Imam Musa. It presents an interview on what are the differences between halal and non-halal foods? In this interview, we will present to you Halal Food Consumption in Taiwan, What we meant by Halal, where Muslims buy and eat Halal foods. And as well as how Muslims Brothers and Sisters could seeks advice in country they travel to where a handful of Muslims is found.From what the Imam just rightly said, only the jubilancy of Eids is the age when the Taipei (Taiwan) Govt. allows them to slaughter or sacrifice their animals, only at the Grand Mosque in Taiwan. These memorable days marks the Muslims celebration of Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha, Muslims commemorate and remember Abrahams trials, by themselves slaughtering an animal such as a sheep, camel, or goat This action is very often misunderstood by those outside the faith.Allah has given us power over animals and allowed us to eat meat, but only if we pronounce His name (To make our food Halal) at the time of taking behavior. Muslims slaughter animals in the same way throughout the year. By saying the Name of Allah (Bismillah) at the time of slaughtering, we are reminded in that way that life is sacred. As the majority of Muslims gathered every Friday (to pray Friday Prayers known as Salatul Juma).This is the only time when you can buy halal meat imported from Australia and sensitive Zealand as the imam said. Friday, is a religious festival for the Muslims. In this holy day, the Muslims gather at the mosques at noon time. They listen to the khutbas (Speeches made by the Imam). then after the prayers, most of the people go to that restaurant to buy that halal meat and halal foods sold at that restaurant only on Friday noon.

Obasan Internment Camps Transfer of Values

How the Nipponese Internment Camps Disrupted the Transfer of Values One of the darkest periods in Canadian history strongly revolves around the morsel World War and the internment of Canadian- Nipponese citizens. Obasan, a novel by Joy Kogawa, explores the internment of Canadian citizens of Japanese descent through Naomi Nakane, a thirty-six yr old schoolteacher, and her family. The novel chronicles the life of Naomi, providing many perspectives from different parts of her life, beginning with her life as a youth and her first-hand experience with the Japanese internment camps.The Japanese internment camps disrupted the transfer of determine between the three generations, the Issei, Nisei, and Sansei, by separating families. This separation occurs specifically in Obasan, through Naomi and Stephen, their father and uncle, as well as Naomi, her mother and Obasan. The three generations discussed in Obasan are the Issei, Nisei, and Sansei. The Issei are Canadian residents born or ra ise in Japan. Aya Obasan is most representative of the Issei in the novel. The children of Issei, born and raised in Canada, are called Nisei. The Nisei explored in this novel include Naomis mother, father, and Naomis aunt, Emily.Finally, the Sansei, children of Nisei who are born and raised in Canada, consist of Naomi and Stephen, her brother. All three of these generations afford different experiences, traditions, and value, passed down from generation to generation. These values and traditions were disrupted in Canada during and after WWII because of Japanese internment camps. The separation of the Sansei generation, Stephen and Naomi, and the Nisei, because of the Japanese internment camps, had a great sham on the disruption of transference of values. The father of Stephen and Naomi, Mark, was separated from them for a large portion of their childhood.This separation, due to the internment camps, lead to the Sansei generation missing out on such values as leadership, or streng th. Instead, Mark focused on attempt to keep regularity, a common value, in the Sansei generations lives, demonstrate through the following quotation Weve heard from Mark . . . All he thinks about are Stephens music lessons (Kogawa 113). This excerpt from the text displays that Mark is trying to, despite the separation of the two by the internment camps, keep regularity in Stephens life by encouraging his musical studies.Naomi also is take of natural values normally passed down through generations, because of the Japanese internment camps. A value a child might inherit from their parents is large(p) cipher. This weighty work would be instilled upon the different generations through family routines around the house. These family routines were constantly interrupted by Naomis families constant uprooting as well as the unnatural liveliness they experienced in the brutal internment camps. One attempt at instilling hard work in the Sansei around the house, though short-lived, occur s in Slocan.This hard work is displayed in the following excerpt Stephen and Uncle work together and . . . A vegetable garden, flowers, a lawn, and a chicken coop with several chickens appear. (Kogawa 149). Hard work was also a value passed down from generation to generation through education and school. Schooling was absent in the lives of the Sansei for over two years because of the Japanese internment camps Until May 1943, when we first attend school, Stephen and I lose no formal studies (Kogawa 149).The Nakanes, despite the hardships they faced in the Japanese internment camps, made a valiant, and effective, effort to transfer the values from different generations to Naomi and Stephen. A value very important in Japanese culture is wisdom. Although the internment camps have separated the families, specifically Naomi and Stephen from their parents, values are still transferred from other family members. On paginate 150, Uncle is seen teaching the children which wild foods are s afe and which are not, shown through this quotation He shows us which ones we are to pick . . . Under the canopy, Uncle says, if the mushrooms are white, they are not good. (Kogawa 150). This quotation displays the transfer of wisdom from Issei to Sansei, a transfer of values that, without the Japanese internment camps, would have been transferred by the Nisei generation, specifically Naomi and Stephens mother and father. In September 1941, Naomis mother travels back to Japan to take care of Obaa-chan, her ailing grandmother, with promises to Naomi to return to Canada in short (Kogawa 72). Shortly after, the bombing of Pearl Harbor takes place, leaving the whole continent of North America in fear and shock.With restrictions put in place on the movement of the Japanese-Canadians, Naomis mother is unable to return. With the absence of her mother, Naomi misses out on the values her mother would have passed on to her. Naomi instead relies on Obasan to learn her values in the internment camps. Because Obasan is Issie, there is a gap between her generation and Naomi. This gap includes Naomi adopting Japanese values and traditions, rather than the Japanese-Canadian values she would learn from her mother. For example, on page 138, Naomi is taught to not be wagamama, or selfish and inconsiderate, by Obasan (Kogawa).This teaching demonstrates the disruption the internment camps had on transfer of values, forcing Naomi to rely on Obasan to learn core values as opposed to her mother or father. Obasan teaches Naomi other important values, like kindness and generosity. Obasan and Naomi are travelling on a train when Obasan notices a woman, who tardily gave birth to a baby, which has no belongings. Obasan displays kindness and generosity, sacrificing some of her food for the woman and baby, strongly influencing Naomi and teaching her important values Obasan hands me an orange from a caning basket and gestures . . For the baby, Obasan says urging me (Kogawa 121). This trans fer of values from Obasan to Naomi, though gapping generations, produces an immediate effect. On the same train ride, Naomi mimics her aunt In a fit of generosity I take my ball and give it to Stephen. You can keep it, (Kogawa 124). Throughout Obasan, Aya overtakes the role of mother, and clearly transfers values from her generation to the Sanseis in the best way she can. In the final analysis, Obasan provides an in-depth look at the Japanese internment camps and the effects these camps had on the Japanese-Canadian people.By separating families, the Japanese internment camps disrupted the transfer of values between the three generations, the Issei, Nisei, and Sansei. This separation, in Obasan, specifically involves the mother, father, uncle, and Obasan of Stephen and Naomi. Its truly remarkable, and a testament to the caring Nakanes, that Stephen and Naomi matured to be such successful individuals. Works Cited Kogawa, Joy. Obasan. Lester & Orpen Dennys Ltd. , 1981. Print.

Icici Bank Report

ICICI BANK ABOUT ICICI BANK ICICI swan is Indias second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 4,736. 47 zillion (US$ 93 one thousand thousand) at jar against 31, 2012 and profit after tax Rs. 64. 65 billion (US$ 1,271 million) for the year ended March 31, 2012. The bank has a shed light onwork of 2,766 branches and 9,363 ambiances in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India.ICICI Bank offers a wide reach of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a assortment of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries in the beas of enthronisation banking, life and non-life insurance, venture metropolis and asset management. ICICI Bank started as a wholly own subsidiary of ICICI express mail, an Indian financial origination, in 1994. Four years later, when the company offered ICICI Banks distributes to the in the public eye(predicate), ICICIs sh areholding was reduced to 46%.In the year 2000, ICICI Bank of fered made an equity offering in the form of ADRs on the New York shopworn Exchange (NYSE), in that locationby becoming the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE. In the next year, it acquired the Bank of Madura Limited in an all-stock amalgamation. Later in the year and the next fiscal year, the bank made utility(prenominal) market place sales to institutional investors.With a change in the corporate structure and the budding competition in the Indian Banking industry, the management of both ICICI and ICICI Bank were of the opinion that a merger amongst the two entities would prove to be an essential step. It was in 2001 that the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank sanctioned the amalgamation of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail pay subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank.In the following year, the merger was approved by it s shareholders, the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad as well up as the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India. ICICI Bank has its equity shares listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited. Overseas, its Ameri washstand Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). As of December 31, 2008, ICICI is Indias second-largest bank, boasting an asset cheer of Rs. 3,744. 10 billion and profit after tax Rs. 30. 14 billion, for the nine months, that ended on December 31, 2008. BRANCHESOFATMSICICI Bank has a wide network both in Indian and abroad. In India alone, the bank has 1,420 branches and about 4,644 ATMs. Talking about foreign countries, ICICI Bank has made its presence felt in 18 countries joined States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International pay Centre and representative offices in United Arab Emi judge, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Bank proudly holds its subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada out of which, the UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Ger some(prenominal). Products Personal Banking * Deposits * Loans card game * Investments * Insurance * Demat Services * Wealth Management NRI Banking * Money Transfer * Bank Accounts * Investments * Property Solutions * Insurance * Loans Business Banking * Corporate Net Banking * Cash Management * shell out Services * FXOnline * SME Services * Online Taxes * Custodial Services Board Members * Mr. K. V. Kamath,- Chairman * Mr. Sridar Iyengar * Dr. Swati Piramal * Mr. Homi R. Khusrokhan * Mr. Arvind Kumar * Mr. M. S. Ramachandran Dr. Tushaar Shah Mr. V. Sridar Ms. Chanda Kochhar, Managing Director & CEO Mr. N. S. Kannan, Executive Director & CFO Mr. K. Ramkumar, Executive Director Mr. Rajiv Sabharwal,Executive Director run Office ICICI Bank 9th Floor, South Towers ICICI Towers Bandra Kurla Complex Bandra ( E) Mumbai Phone 91-022-653 7914 Website www. icicibank. com SWOT compend Strengths of ICICI Bank * ICICI is the second largest bank in stipulations of total assets and market share * Total assets of ICICI is Rs. 4062. 34 Billion and recorded a maximum profit after tax of Rs. 51. 51 billion and located in 19 countries * champion of the major power of ICICI bank according to financial analysts is its strong and transparent balance sheet * ICICI bank has first mover advantage in many of the banking and financial services.ICICI bank is the first bank in India to introduce complete mobile banking solutions and jewelry card * The bank has PAN India presence of around 2,567 branches and 8003 ATMs * ICICI bank is the first bank in India to attach life style benefits to banking services for exclusive purchases and tie-ups with best brands in the industry such as Nakshatra, Asmi, Ddamas etc * ICICI bank has the longest working hours and additional services offering at ATMs which attracts customers * Marketing and advertising strategies of ICICI stupefy good stumble compared to other banks in India Weaknesses ofICICI Bank Customer support of ICICI section is not performing well in terms of resolving complaints * thither are band of consumer complaints fi lead against ICICI * The ICICI bank has the near stringent policies in terms of recovering the debts and loans, and credit payments. They employ third party agency to handle recovery management * There are also complaints of customer assault and abuse while recovering and the credit payment reminders are sent even before the deadlines which annoys the customers * The bank service charges are comparatively higher The employees of ICICI are bank in maximum stress because of the hard-hitting policies of the management to win ahead in the race. This may prove in less productivity in future years Opportunities ofICICI Bank * Banking sector is expected to grow at a rate of 17% in the next triad years * The concept of saving in banks and investing in financial products is increasing in rural areas as very much than 62% percentage of Indias population is still in rural areas. As per 2010 data in TOI, the total number b-schools in India are more than 1500. This buttocks ensure regular supply of trained human power in financial products and banking services * Within next four years ICICI bank is planning to open 1500 new branches * Small and non performing banks can be acquired by ICICI because of its financial strength * ICICI bank is expected to have 20% credit growth in the coming years. * ICICI bank has the minimum amount of non performing assets Threats ofICICI Bank RBI allowed foreign banks to invest up to 74% in Indian banking * judicature sector banks are in urge of modernizing the capacities to ensure the customers switching to new age banks are minimized * HDFC is the major competitor for ICICI, and other upcoming banks akin AXIS, HSBC impose a major threat * In rural areas the m icro financing groups hold a major share * Though customer acquirement is high on one side, the unsatisfied customers are increasing and make them to switch to other banks. PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS negociate Power of Suppliers * Inputs have little impact on costs When inputs are not a big component of costs, suppliers of those inputs have less bargaining power. low gear cost inputs positively affectICICI Bank. Bargaining Power of Customers * Large number of customers * When there are large numbers of customers, no one customer tends to have bargaining leverage. Limited bargaining leverage helpsICICI Bank. Intensity of Existing Rivalry * Low storage costs (ICICI Bank) * Government limits competition (ICICI Bank) * Large industry coat (ICICI Bank) Threat of Substitutes New Aspirants in Banking sector like AV Birla, Tata Group,IFCI etc. Threat of New Competitors * Strong distribution network required (ICICI Bank) * High capital requirements (ICICI Bank) * High sunk costs limit c ompetition (ICICI Bank) * Industry requires economies of scale (ICICI Bank) * Geographic factors limit competition (ICICI Bank) * High learning curve (ICICI Bank) SUBSIDIARIES COMPANIES At March 31, 2012, ICICI Bank had 17 subsidiaries as listed in the following t fitted DOMESTIC SUBSIDIARIES * ICICI Securities Primary Dealership Limited * ICICI Prudential Asset Management beau monde Limited ICICI Prudential Trust Limited * ICICI securities Ltd. * ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Limited * ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited * ICICI Prudential award Funds Management Company Limited * ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited * ICICI Home Finance Company Limited * ICICI Investment Management Company Limited * ICICI Trusteeship Service Limited INTERNATIONAL SUBSIDIARIES * ICICI Bank UK PLC * ICICI Securities Inc. * ICICI International Ltd. * ICICI Bank Eurasis Ltd. Liability Company. * ICICI Securities Holdings, Inc * ICICI Bank Canada FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTSAs required by United States securities regulations, ICICI Bank Limited (NYSE IBN) filed its annual report in Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2012 (FY2012) on July 31, 2012. The Form 20-F annual report includes the Banks consolidated financial statements under Indian GAAP and a reconciliation of consolidated profit after tax and net worth(predicate) under Indian GAAP to net income and stockholders equity under US GAAP, approved by the Audit Committee of the Board. The consolidated profit after tax for FY2012 under Indian GAAP was Rs. 7,643 crore (US$ 1,502 million) and the net income under US GAAP was Rs. ,998 crore (US$ 1,375 million). Stockholders equity as per US GAAP was 63,872 crore (US$ 12. 55 billion) at March 31, 2012 compared to the consolidated net worth as per Indian GAAP of 61,277 crore (US$ 12. 04 billion) ICICI BANK discover Financial proportionalitys of ICICI Bank Mar12 Mar11 Mar 10 Mar 09 Mar 08 investment Valuation dimensions Face entertain 10. 00 10 . 00 10. 00 10. 00 10. 00 Dividend Per Share 16. 50 14. 00 12. 00 11. 00 11. 00 Operating amplification Per Share (Rs) 76. 15 64. 08 49. 80 48. 58 51. 29 Net Operating meshwork Per Share (Rs) 346. 19 281. 04 293. 74 343. 9 354. 71 Free Reserves Per Share (Rs) 376. 49 358. 12 356. 94 351. 04 346. 21 Bonus in lawfulness Capital turn a profitability balances busy Spread 4. 44 4. 01 5. 66 3. 66 3. 51 Adjusted Cash Margin(%) 17. 45 17. 52 13. 64 11. 45 11. 81 Net Profit Margin 16. 14 15. 91 12. 17 9. 74 10. 51 Return on Long Term Fund(%) 52. 09 42. 97 44. 72 56. 72 62. 34 Return on Net Worth(%) 10. 70 9. 35 7. 79 7. 58 8. 94 Adjusted Return on Net Worth(%) 10. 70 9. 27 7. 53 7. 55 8. 80 Return on Assets Excluding Revaluations 524. 01 478. 31 463. 01 444. 94 417. 4 Return on Assets Including Revaluations 524. 01 478. 31 463. 01 444. 94 417. 64 Management skill Ratios Interest Income / Total Funds 9. 07 8. 41 8. 82 9. 82 10. 60 Net Interest Income / Total Funds 3. 89 4. 01 4. 08 3. 99 4. 29 Non Interest Income / Total Funds 0. 03 0. 08 0. 08 0. 02 Interest Expended / Total Funds 5. 18 4. 41 4. 74 5. 83 6. 31 Operating Expense / Total Funds 1. 89 2. 09 2. 59 2. 60 2. 76 Profit Before Provisions / Total Funds 1. 91 1. 77 1. 41 1. 30 1. 40 Net Profit / Total Funds 1. 47 1. 34 1. 08 0. 96 1. 12 Loans Turnover 0. 8 0. 17 0. 17 0. 18 0. 20 Total Income / Capital Employed(%) 9. 10 8. 41 8. 90 9. 90 10. 62 Interest Expended / Capital Employed(%) 5. 18 4. 41 4. 74 5. 83 6. 31 Total Assets Turnover Ratios 0. 09 0. 08 0. 09 0. 10 0. 11 Asset Turnover Ratio 0. 09 3. 55 4. 60 5. 14 5. 61 Profit And Loss Account Ratios Interest Expended / Interest Earned 68. 00 65. 29 68. 44 73. 09 76. 28 Other Income / Total Income 0. 37 0. 02 0. 92 0. 86 0. 17 Operating Expense / Total Income 20. 77 24. 81 29. 05 26. 22 26. 00 Selling dispersal Cost Composition 0. 73 0. 94 0. 72 1. 4 4. 43 Balance Sheet Ratios Capital Adequacy Ratio 18. 52 19. 54 19. 41 15. 53 13. 9 7 Advances / Loans Funds(%) 65. 30 64. 96 58. 57 69. 86 72. 67 Debt Coverage Ratios Credit Deposit Ratio 92. 23 87. 81 90. 04 91. 44 84. 99 Investment Deposit Ratio 61. 16 59. 77 53. 28 46. 35 42. 68 Cash Deposit Ratio 8. 60 11. 32 10. 72 10. 14 10. 12 Total Debt to Owners Fund 4. 23 4. 10 3. 91 4. 42 5. 27 Financial Charges Coverage Ratio 0. 39 0. 44 0. 33 0. 25 1. 25 Financial Charges Coverage Ratio Post Tax 1. 31 1. 34 1. 26 1. 20 1. 20 Leverage Ratios Current Ratio 0. 13 0. 11 0. 14 0. 13 0. 11 Quick Ratio 16. 71 15. 86 14. 70 5. 94 6. 42 Cash Flow Indicator Ratios Dividend Payout Ratio Net Profit 32. 82 35. 23 37. 31 36. 60 33. 12 Dividend Payout Ratio Cash Profit 30. 36 31. 76 32. 33 31. 00 29. 08 Earning Retention Ratio 67. 19 64. 49 61. 40 63. 23 66. 35 Cash Earning Retention Ratio 69. 65 68. 01 66. 70 68. 87 70. 51 AdjustedCash Flow Times 36. 54 39. 77 44. 79 49. 41 52. 34 Mar 12 Mar 11 Mar 10 Mar 09 Mar 08 Earnings Per Share 56. 09 44. 73 36. 10 33. 76 37. 7 Book Value 524. 01 478. 31 463. 01 444. 94 417. 64 SourceMoneycontrol. com ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION CURRENT RATIO STUDY OF PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT gist It is a financial statement, which shows net profit & loss of a company for a specified period. The accounting year federal agency calendar year 12 months or less or more then 12 months. Parts of the Profit and Loss Account The Profit & Loss Account aims to monitor profit. It has three parts. 1) The Trading Account. This records the money in (revenue) and out (costs) of the business as a result of the business work ie purchase and selling.This might be buying raw materials and selling finished goods it might be buying goods wholesale and selling them retail. The figure at the end of this section is the Gross Profit . 2) The Profit and Loss Account. This starts with the Gross Profit and adds to it any further costs and revenues, including overheads. These further costs and revenues are from any other activities not directly related to trading. An warning is income received from investments. 3) The Appropriation Account. This shows how the profit is appropriated or divided between the three uses mentioned above. HORIZONTAL ANALYSISWhen an analyst compares financial information for two or more years for a single company, the process is referred to as horizontal abbreviation, since the analyst is reading across the page to compare any single line item, such assales revenues. In addition to comparing dollar amounts, the analyst computes percentage changes from year to year for all financial statement balances, such as cash and inventory. Alternatively, in comparing financial statements for a number of years, the analyst may prefer to use a variation of horizontal analysis called trend analysis. VERTICAL ANALYSISWhen using vertical analysis, the analyst calculates each item on a single financial statement as a percentage of a total. The term vertical analysis applies because each years figu res are listed vertically on a financial statement. The total used by the analyst on the income statement is net sales revenue, while on the balance sheet it is total assets. This approach to financial statement analysis, also known as component percentages, produces common-size financial statements. expense/sale ratio About Price to Sales Ratio(P/S) The wrong to sales ratio (PS ratio) is calculated by dividing stock footing by the revenue per share.It is most useful for comparing companies within a sector or industry because normal values for this ratio vary from industry to industry. In general, low price to sales ratios are more appealing because they suggest that a company is undervalued. P/E ratio About Price to Earnings Ratio The price to earnings ratio (PE Ratio) is the measure of the share price relative to the annual net income earned by the firm per share. PE ratio shows current investor demand for a company share. A high PE ratio generally indicates change magnitude d emand because investors anticipate earnings growth in the future.The PE ratio has units of years, which can be interpreted as the number of years of earnings to pay bum purchase price. PRICE/BOOK VALUE RATIO About Price to Book Ratio The price to book value is a financial ratio used to compare a companys book value to its current market price. Book value is an accounting term denoting the portion of the company held by the shareholders at accounting value (not market value). In other words, book value is the companys total discernible assets less its total liabilities. DCF METHOD Beta(? ) The Beta (? of a stock or portfolio is a number describing the correlated excitability of an asset in relation to the volatility of the benchmark that said asset is being compared to. This benchmark is generally the overall financial market and is often estimated via the use of representative indices, such as the SP 500. An asset has a beta of zero if its moves are not correlated with the bench marks moves. A positive beta means that the asset generally follows the benchmark, in the sense that the asset tends to move up when the benchmark moves up, and the asset tends to move down when the benchmark moves down.A negative beta means that the asset generally moves reversal the benchmark the asset tends to move up when the benchmark moves down, and the asset tends to move down when the benchmark moves up. It measures the part of the assets statistical variance that cannot be removed by the diversification provided by the portfolio of many risky assets, because of the correlation of its dedicates with the returns of the other assets that are in the portfolio. Beta can be estimated for individual companies using regression analysis against a stock market index. The formula for the beta of an asset within a portfolio is here ra measures the rate of return of the asset, rp measures the rate of return of the portfolio, cov(ra,rp) is the covariance between the rates of return. Th e portfolio of interest in the CAPM formulation is the market portfolio that contains all risky assets, and so the rp terms in the formula are replaced by rm, the rate of return of the market. Beta is also referred to as financial elasticity or correlated relative volatility, and can be referred to as a measure of the sensitivity of the assets returns to market returns, its non-diversifiable risk, its systematic risk, or market risk.The market itself is considered to have a Beta of 1. Using regression analysis, the beta of the stock is calculated. If the beta of the stock is greater than 1, this means the stocks prices are more volatile than the market, and vice verse. For example, if a stock has a beta of 1. 2, this means that a 1% change in the market index will bring about a 1. 2% change in the stocks price. Stocks with high beta are considered to be more risky compared to the ones with low beta. Bollinger Bands Bollinger Bandsis atechnical analysistool invented byJohn Bollinger in the 1980s, and a termtrademarked by him in 2011.Having evolved from the concept of trading bands, Bollinger Bands and the related indicators%band bandwidthcan be used to measure the highness or lowness of the price relative to previous trades. Bollinger Bands consist of * anN-periodmoving medium (MA) * an upper band atKtimes anN-periodstandard deviationabove the moving average (MA+K? ) * a lower band atKtimes anN-periodstandard deviation at a lower place the moving average (MA? K? ) Typical values forNandKare 20 and 2, respectively.The nonpayment choice for the average is a simplemoving average, but other types of averages can be employed as needed. Exponential moving averagesare a common second choice. Usually the same period is used for both the middle band and the calculation of standard deviation. INTERPRETATION The use of Bollinger Bands varies widely among traders. many traders buy when price touches the lower Bollinger Band and exit when price touches the moving averag e in the center of the bands. Other traders buy when price breaks above the upper Bollinger Band or sell when price falls below the lower Bollinger Band.Moreover, the use of Bollinger Bands is not confined to stock tradersoptionstraders, most notablyimplied volatility traders, often sell options when Bollinger Bands are historically far apart or buy options when the Bollinger Bands are historically close together, in both instances, expecting volatility to revert back towards the average historical volatility level for the stock. When the bands lie close together a period of lowvolatilityin stock price is indicated. When they are far apart a period of high volatility in price is indicated.When the bands have only a slight slope and lie round parallel for an extended time the price of a stock will be found to oscillate up and down between the bands as though in a channel. Traders are often inclined to use Bollinger Bands with other indicators to see if there is confirmation. In part icular, the use of an oscillator like Bollinger Bands will often be coupled with a non-oscillator indicator likechart patternsor atrendline if these indicators confirm the pressation of the Bollinger Bands, the trader will have greater evidence that what the bands see is correct.Monte carlo simulation Risk analysis is part of every termination we make. We are constantly faced with un originalty, ambiguity, and variability. And even though we have unprecedented access to information, we cant accurately predict the future. Monte Carlo simulation (also known as the Monte Carlo Method) lets you see all the possible outcomes of your decisions and assess the impact of risk, allowing for better decision making under uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulation is a computerized mathematical proficiency that allows people to account for risk in quantitative analysis and decision making.The technique is used by professionals in such widely disparate fields as finance, project management, energy, m anufacturing, engineering, research and development, insurance, oil & gas, transportation, and the environment. Monte Carlo simulation furnishes the decision-maker with a range of possible outcomes and the probabilities they will occur for any choice of action.. It shows the extreme possibilitiesthe outcomes of going for broke and for the most conservative decisionalong with all possible consequences for center decisions.The technique was first used by scientists working on the atom bomb it was named for Monte Carlo, the Monaco resort town renowned for its casinos. Since its introduction in innovation War II, Monte Carlo simulation has been used to model a variety of physical and conceptual systems. ICICI BANK CHARTS The annotated chart above shows a stock that undefendable with a gap up. Before the open, the number of buy orders exceeded the number of sell orders and the price was raised to attract more sellers. Demand was brisk from the start. The intraday high reflects the str ength of demand (buyers). The intraday low reflects the availability of supply (sellers).The close represents the final price agreed upon by the buyers and the sellers. In this case, the close is well below the high and much closer to the low. This tells that even though demand (buyers) was strong during the day, supply (sellers) ultimately prevailed and forced the price back down. Even after this selling pressure, the close remained above the open. By looking at price action over an extended period of time, we can see the battle between supply and demand unfold. In its most basic form, higher prices reflect increased demand and lower prices reflect increased supply. InterpretationThe Rate-of-Change (ROC) indicator, which is also referred to as simply Momentum, is a plainmomentum oscillatorthat measures the percent change in price from one period to the next. The ROC calculation compares the current price with the price n periods ago. The plot forms an oscillator that fluctuates ab ove and below the zero line as the Rate-of-Change moves from positive to negative. As a momentum oscillator, ROC signals include centerline crossovers, divergences and overbought-oversold readings. Divergences fail to foreshadow reversals more often than not so this article will forgo a discussion on divergences.Even though centerline crossovers are prone to whipsaw, especially short-term, these crossovers can be used to notice the overall trend. Identifying overbought or oversold extremes comes natural to the Rate-of-Change oscillator. Standard deviation chart that measures the amount of variability or dispersion around an average. Standard deviation is also a measure of volatility. Generally speaking, dispersion is the difference between the actual value and the average value. The larger this dispersion or variability is, the higher the standard deviation. The small this dispersion or variability is, the lower the standard deviation.Chartists can use the Standard Deviation to me asure expected risk and determine the significance of certain price movements. BRIEF ABOUT PORTFOLIO Annexure News Analysis Regarding Portfolio * Bajaj Corp Nirmal Bang is bullish on Bajaj Corp and has recommended buy rating on the stock with a target of Rs 228 in its October 9, 2012 research report. We have upgraded our FY13E and FY14E earnings estimates for Bajaj Corp (BCL) by 6. 4% and 3. 7%, respectively, factoring in higher gross margins. Consequently, we have increased our target price on the stock to Rs228 (from Rs220 earlier) and retained Buy rating on it. * DABUR INDIA LTD..AnandRathi has come out with its report on consumer sector. The research firm recommends buy on ITC, Nestle India, Colgate, GSK Consumer, Emami, Pidilite, Agro Tech Foods, Bajaj Corp. , Lovable Lingerie, Zydus Wellness, and Tilaknagar Industries. Dabur, Marico as Hold, and have Sell on HUL, Asian Paints, Britannia, and VST Industries. Consumer companies are expected to report 17% revenue growth, led by higher volumes and prices. We expect stable EBITDA margins, despite rise in raw material costs (up 7-8%) and reduced weights. With tax rates likely to rise 50-150bps, we expect net profit to increase only 15% yoy.Revenues on the riseWe expect sector revenues to grow 17%, led by volume and price. Offtake from the Canteen Stores Department, comprising 8% of sales, would be subdued. However, rupee depreciation of 10-12% will benefit companies with more than 15% in exports (Asian Paints, Marico, Dabur). * Bharti Airtel Top telecom mailmanBharti Airtelwill bid in an upcoming auction of mobile phone airwaves, said a company source, who declined to be named as the matter is not public yet. The airwaves auction is the result of a Supreme Court order to revoke permits issued in a scandal-tainted sale in 2008.Bharti Airtel is not affected by that courtroom order but it could be looking to buy additional spectrum. Friday is the deadline for companies to submit their application to participate in the auction, which is scheduled to start on November 12. ICICI BANK SBI,HDFC BankandICICI Bankare the best bets, says Sudarshan Sukhani, s2analytics. com. Jaiprakash Associates, they had set a target of about Rs 100, much lower when it was Rs 80-81. It is almost there. So now for people who hold positions there are the potential of more gains, but at Rs 95 I do not know if a trader can actually buy. The targets are just in front of us.Perhaps the stocks will consolidate. Perhaps it could go up and it may not. He further added, The risk-reward is no longer in favor of a short-term trader. For actually people who still hold them I think there is more upside. The BankNiftyitself becomes a buying opportunity as we just entered the last half an hour of trading. The Nifty is clearly above the 5700 level. I had explained earlier that we do not need a level on the Bank Nifty. If the Nifty is trading above 5700 we can buy the Nifty as well as the Bank Nifty and we should, at least the aggressive traders should. The CNX-IT can be left alone.Which are the best stocks in the Bank Nifty to go along with? It is State Bank of India, HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank. OBSERVATION ICICI Bank- Key Fundamentals Market Cap (Rs Cr. ) 118,375 EPS TTM (Rs)64. 19 P/E Ratio (x)15. 91 Face Value (Rs)10. 00 Latest Div. (%)165. 00 Div. Yield (%)1. 60 Book Value / sh. (Rs) 523. 79 P/B Ratio (x)1. 96 CONCLUSION There are many online services which offer tools that enable us to choose investments cocksure those which offer relatively affordable trade margins. These options are basically for everyone though experienced traders could be well versed with them.To evaluate a good online trading service we need to look at the several factors. Issues to do with fees plus commissions for doing business can quickly rise up. Comprehensive services should be able to provide extended markets in addition to investment services including other retirement options. Since purchasing and selling at online sto ck trading is nerve racking, overall best services provide instant messaging as well as phone support. Bibliography www. Moneycontrol. com www. Bseindia. com www. Nseindia. com www. Wikipedia. com ANNEXURE - As per 1st NOV 2012-

Reaching Adulthood: Completing Human Developmental Stages

The human teaching is a very complex yet fascinating part of our lives. We intent back at the point we first remembered how young we were, the things we did that were so different from the things we do today. More often than not, we take for granted the comprises where significant amount of changes that wrought us took place.Our infancy and pre-school historic period show much of our earlier attitudes and behaviors which became cemented as we nurture older. Our purlieu played such a significant reference in making us the air we ar today. As I have mentioned in the first project, we understand our being a male or a female when we realize the roles and activities attached to ones gender.Even our parents dictate how we should act or what toy to play and we get punished by disobeying them. And at this layer we develop a concept of what crops us happy or sad, we can adjust to our environment and we avoid doing things that would result to an unfavor equal consequence.These thi ngs we undergo during our earlier years further have an effect on the next stage of our lives. What we liked to do, how advantageously we can adapt to other mint, how we behave or act upon characterization to a stimulus etc. continue in our center of attention childhood and adolescence years.The middle childhood prepares us for what we will face in our adolescence years, the same way our infancy and pre-school years prepared us for the later years.During our middle childhood and adolescence, we are thrust into a great deal of changes, whether mentally, physically, socially and emotionally. We like to be independent and to go out of the familial circle that surrounded us when we were young.In my experience, it was this time when I started making friends in school and in my neighborhood. I could as well as face other people who were not my age. This stage marks the waken of cognitive and emotional aspects of one person. We learn to judge the people around us, to be curious of th e things which we cannot easily understand, to feel different emotions that come outed so new.The countless and various experiences we undergo during this stage further hone, change, influence or opposition the way we are. They make our personality unique, mold our behavior and attitudes and develop our skills. Everything we have well-educated we apply to our present lives.Our infancy and pre-school years show much of our earlier attitudes and behaviors which became cemented as we grow older. Our environment played such a significant role in making us the way we are today. As I have mentioned in the first project, we understand our being a male or a female when we realize the roles and activities attached to ones gender.Even our parents dictate how we should act or what toy to play and we get punished by disobeying them. And at this stage we develop a concept of what makes us happy or sad, we can adapt to our environment and we avoid doing things that would result to an unfavorab le consequence.These things we undergo during our earlier years further have an effect on the next stage of our lives. What we liked to do, how well we can adapt to other people, how we behave or act upon exposure to a stimulus etc. continue in our middle childhood and adolescence years. The middle childhood prepares us for what we will face in our adolescence years, the same way our infancy and pre-school years prepared us for the later years.During our middle childhood and adolescence, we are thrust into a great deal of changes, whether mentally, physically, socially and emotionally. We like to be independent and to go out of the familial circle that surrounded us when we were young. In my experience, it was this time when I started making friends in school and in my neighborhood. I could also face other people who were not my age.This stage marks the awakening of cognitive and emotional aspects of one person. We learn to judge the people around us, to be curious of the things whi ch we cannot easily understand, to feel different emotions that seemed so new and to set about things which pique our curiosity.My interviews particular experience shows this. He started using prohibited drugs during his adolescence. This kind of deed roots from many factors such as family problems, lower rank complex or social dilemma.Dale says that all of his familys attention was on his younger sister, Mikaela. No matter how much good he does, his family doesnt seem to notice. So what he did was involve himself in things that would get him into trouble, if only to get his parents attention.The countless and various experiences we undergo during this stage further hone, change, influence or impact the way we are. They make our personality unique, mold our behavior and attitudes and develop our skills. Everything we have learned we apply to our present lives.Changes and phenomenon in middle childhood, as noted in my first project, are stepping stones for the adolescence changes a nd phenomenon in adolescence, as noted in my second project, are preparation for adulthood.AdulthoodAdulthood is a hazardous and difficult journey for many people to take, and not just a destination of security and safety that we reach once and for all. It is a reference point from which other conduct stages are judged.The experiences which became imprinted in our memories and the self beliefs and social standards that we have molded within ourselves affect us in our present actions and how we see ourselves. But, these beliefs and standards change when we are exposed to different stimuli or situation.At this stage, I can already foresee my own future, in what is called self-schema. These are the templates of our future, and they tell us what we can be after several years, what our career would be etc. Still, I ask myself, what will I be really in the next years?Since I would not be able to solvent this question, I have interviewed Emelita Sacra, a 49-year-old single mother and curr ently taking over as line leader and quality control officer in a garment corporation. She was separated from her husband, but she manages to raise her daughter well.Emelita used to dream of finishing just high school, since her familys source of livelihood is tho enough for the 11 members of the family. She studied hard and eventually earned a scholarship, her ticket to college.But her dream faded when she chose to help her parents in meeting the familys needs. She was able to send two of her siblings to college, and that was enough for her even if she had sacrificed her own dream.This shows that what she desperately wanted before was put aside by the emergence of a more of import situation. She said that though there were many events in her life which affected her, only few values and interests changed. Some of which were the earthly things she wanted before, such as clothes, cosmetics and leisure moments.But now, these things became unimportant because her daughter became her p riority. Her situation now is a far cry from her situation before. Now that her daughter is in college, she has to work hard and choke the luxuries of life. Every spare time was spent doing extra works to be able to provide for her only child.When she was a teenager, all that mattered was helping her family to earn cash and send the children to school. Now, what matters is raising her daughter well and providing her education. This attitude is discover explained by Jean Piagets generativity, wherein Emelita thinks of the future of her daughter instead of her own life.Emelita says that the values she learned from her younger years didnt change much. As to the moral aspect, nothing changed, but some things were added. She instilled to her daughter the moral values her parents taught her.Basically, when we reach the adulthood stage, as I viewed my interviewee, there are changes in our self concept. For example, we might have low self efficacy before, which is our competence in accom plishing things. But because we have done for(p) through many things, and we were able to endure the pains and dilemmas of life, we have increased our self efficacy considering the fact that we are older than before, we could handle and do things better now.Another example of self concept that had changed during our adulthood years is the self awareness. Adults tend to be more focused and are aware of their responsibilities at their age. For example, my interviewee became aware of her role as a mother and father solely to her daughter. Aside from that, she also became aware of her priorities in the present time compared before. At this point in life, intimately people have grown matured, as to how they should act, how they should be, and what they should do.Generally, lots of things have made their contribution to each of stages in life. Some factors that might affect each life stage are inherent and gene factor. Biologically speaking, this could really happen, such that our behavi or and character could be attributed to the innate potentials of ourselves.However, we could not deny the fact that the environment that we are living in has contributed big changes not only in our lives, but more specifically, in ourselves.Those external factors are the ones we experience during our infancy stage to childhood, then adolescence stage, and lastly adulthood stage. The events in our everyday lives have impacts such that, we are not aware that those events molded us into what are now, and what we are pass to be in the near future.Thus, the human development is a very vicious path, if we are going to consider all the details. Yet, we could say that human development is like a metamorphose process of butterfly. The only difference is that, the butterfly would surely fly if it comes out from the pupae, but each of us has no agency if we can soar high in our lives.REFERENCESBoeree, G. Personality Theories. (NO DATE). Erik Erikson, 1902 1994. Retrieved August 29, 2007 fro m the World Wide Web http//webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/erikson.htmlJames, W. The Principles of Psychology. Retrieved August 29, 2007 from the World Wide Web http//psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/Principles/prin10.htmLerner, R. Concepts and Theories of mankind Development. Retrieved August 29, 2007 from the site of UAH Library on World Wide Web http//libdblist.uah.edu/browse.php?list=P&source_id=17Myers, D. Exploring Social Psychology. 3rd ed. November 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Study of Electromagnetic Clutch

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It gives us great pleasure when a certain task is accomplished with great zeal and enthusiasm. We would like to die hard our heartfelt thanks and deep sense of gratitude to all those who backed us in completing this ejection. First and foremost, we book over greatly indebted to Mr. D. M. SINGH and Mr. UBAID AHMAD KHAN, from the core of our heart for their constant support and valuable guidance meter to clock time, beca substance abuse they back up and persuaded us to complete the project. We atomic fare 18 besides thankful to entire faculty members for their support.In order to complete the project we book taken sustain from various sites, books, study material etc. INTRODCTION A storage argona is a mechanism for directting rotation, which discharge be drived and take outd. postp wizardment atomic recite 18 useful in cunnings that have devil rotating shafts. In these devices, unrivaled shaft is representatively driven by drive or pulley, an d new(prenominal) shaft drives an another(prenominal) device. The keep connects the cardinal shafts so that they can either be locked in concert and tumble at the selfsame(prenominal) hotfoot (engaged), or be decoupled and spin at different travel rapidlys (disengaged). The catch dish (centre) spins with the flywheel (left).To disengage, the lever is pulled (black arrow), causing a white pressure plate (right) to disengage the green wait disc from kinking the drive shaft, which turns within the thrust-bearing ring of the lever. Never pull up stakes all 3 rings connect, with whatsoever gaps. TYPES OF CLUTCH DOG CLUTCH A dog stack is a symbol of grab that couples two rotating shafts or other rotating fragments not by abrasion but by mental disturbance. The two separate of the custody ar be afte fierce-faced such that one ordain push the other, causing both to rotate at the same speed and will never swipe.Dog clasp be use where slip is undesirable and/or the clutch is not employ to see to it tortuousness. With pop slippage, dog prehend are not chance uponed by wear in the same management that attrition clutches are. Dog clutches are employ inside manual automotive transmissions to lock different hucksters to the rotating input and end product shafts. A synchromesh arrangement ensures flavourless engagement by matching the shaft speeds before the dog clutch is drop by the waysideed to engage. Wet and dry A wet clutch is immersed in a cooling lubricating fluid, which also keeps the scrape ups clean and gives smoother performance and longer biography.Wet clutches throw out, tend to lose close to energy to the liquid. A dry clutch, as the name implies, is not bathed in fluid. Since the surfaces of a wet clutch can be slippery (as with a travel rhythm method of birth retard clutch bathed in engine oil), stacking multiple clutch disks can compensate for the wiped out(p)er coefficient of brush and so decline slippage be pocket-size power when fully engaged. Cone clutch A cone clutch serves the same purpose as a disk or plate clutch. However, instead of mating two spinning disks, the cone clutch uses two conical surfaces to transmit contortion by friction.The cone clutch transfers a eminenter torque than plate or disk clutches of the same size repayable to the wedging action and increased surface area. Cone clutches are generally right outdoor(a) only utilise in low peripheral speed applications although they were once common in auto mobiles and other combustion engine transmissions. They are usually today confined to in truth specialist transmissions in racing, rallying, or in extreme off-road vehicles, although they are common in power boats. This is because the clutch doesnt have to be pushed in all the way and the gears will be interchanged quicker. outward-developing clutchA centrifugal clutch is a clutch that uses centrifugal force to connect two concentric shafts, with the madcap s haft nested inside the driven shaft. Centrifugal clutches are often utilise in mopeds, lawnmowers, go-karts, chainsaws, and miniskirt bikes. Fluid coupling A fluid coupling is a hydrodynamic device used to transmit rotating mechanical power. It has been used in automobile transmissions as an alternative to a mechanical clutch. It also has widespread application in marine and industrial railroad car drives, where variable speed operation and/or controlled sop up-up without impact loading of the power transmission remains is essential.Torque clipper It is also k todayn as safety clutch. A torque limiter is an automatic device that protects mechanical equipment, or its work, from damage by mechanical overload. A torque limiter may limit the torque by slipping (as in a friction plate slip-clutch), or uncouple the load entirely (as in a shear pin). The action of a torque limiter is especially useful to limit some(prenominal) damage due to crash lolly and jams. Torque limiters ma y be packaged as a shaft coupling or as a hub for sprocket or sheave. A torque limiting device is also known as an overload clutch. Electromagnetism What is an electromagnet?An electromagnet can be do by sending on-line(prenominal) through a bankroll of conducting wire wound around an iron core. When current passes through a theatre director, magnetized bowl will be generated around the director and the conductor become a magnet. This phenomenon is called electromagnetism. Since the magnet is produced galvanic current, it is called the electromagnet. In short, when current flow through a conductor, charismatic line of products will be generated. When the current ceases, the magnetic field disappear. The direction of the magnetic field organise by a current carrying straight wire can be determined by the Right Hand Grip Rule or the maxwell roll in the hay Rule.What is magnetic field pattern? A magnetic field pattern can be represented by field lines that show the shape of the field. Magnetic field lines which are closed together represents strong field. Field direction is defined as the direction indicated by a compass hassle placed in the magnetic field. Force on current carrying conductor If a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field produced by permanent magnets, then the field due to current carrying conductor and the permanent magnets interact and cause the a force to be exerted on the conductor .The force on the current carrying conductor in a magnetic field depends on- 1. The fluxion density of the field, B teslas 2. The potential of current, I amp 3. The length of the conductor perpendicular to the magnetic field 4. The direction of the field and current When the magnetic field, the current and the conductor are mutually perpendicular to each other then force exerted F=IBL Newton When the conductor and magnetic field are at an angle, then the force exerted F=IBLsin? Where I=current, B magnetic field, L=Length of conduct or ?-angle surrounded by conductor and magnetic field.Right Hand Grip Rule Grip the wire with the right hand, with the thumb pointing along the direction of the current. The other fingers give the direction of the magnetic field around the wire. The Maxwells Screw Rules The Maxwell Screw Rules sometime is also called the Maxwells Corkscrew Rule. Imagine a right handed screw being turn so that it bores its way in the direction of the current in the wire. The direction of rotation gives the direction of the magnetic field. electromagnetic clutch Electromagnetic clutches operate galvanizingly, but transmit torque echanically. This is why they used to be referred to as electro-mechanical clutches. CONSTRUCTION A horseshoe magnet has a northwest and south pole. If a piece of carbon steel contacts both poles, a magnetic electric overlap is created. In an electromagnetic clutch, the north and south pole is created by a coil shell and a wound coil. In a clutch, when power is applied, a magnetic field is created in the coil. This field (flux) overcomes an tonal pattern gap between the clutch rotor coil and the armature. This magnetic attraction, pulls the armature in contact with the rotor face.The frictional contact, which is being controlled by the intensity level of the magnetic field, is what causes the rotational motion to start. The torque comes from the magnetic attraction, of the coil and the friction between the steel of the armature and the steel of the clutch rotor. For m each industrial clutches, friction material is used between the poles. The material is of importly used to help decrease the wear rate, but different types of material can also be used to change the coefficient of friction (torque for special applications).For example, if the clutch is mandatory to have an extended time to speed or slip time, a low coefficient friction material can be used and if a clutch is mandatory to have a slightly high torque (mostly for low rpm applications) , a high coefficient friction material can be used. In a clutch, the electromagnetic lines of flux have to pass into the rotor, and in turn, attract and pull the armature in contact with it to complete clutch engagement. Most industrial clutches use what is called a virtuoso flux, two pole design. Mobile clutches of other specialty electromagnetic clutches can use a twin or excursionle flux rotor.The double or trip flux refers to the number of north/south flux paths, in the rotor and armature. This means that, if the armature is designed mightily and has similar banana slots, what gets is a leaping of the flux path, which goes north south, north south. By having more than points of contact, the torque can be greatly increased. In theory, if there were 2 sets of poles at the same diameter, the torque would double in a clutch. Obviously, that is not possible to do, so the points of contact have to be at a smaller inner diameter.Also, there are magnetic flux losses because of th e links between the banana slots. But by using a double flux design, a 30%-50% increase in torque, can be secured, and by using a triple flux design, a 40%-90% in torque can be achieved. This is important in applications where size and weight are critical, such as automotive requirements. The coil shell is made with carbon steel that has a combination of good strength and good magnetic properties. Copper (some propagation aluminium) magnet wire, is used to create the coil, which is held in shell either by a bobbin or by some type of epoxy/adhesive.To help increase life in applications, friction material is used between the poles on the face of the rotor. This friction material is spue with the steel on the rotor, since if the friction material was not flush, good magnetic traction could not occur between the faces. Some people look at electromagnetic clutches and mistakenly assume that, since the friction material is flush with the steel that the clutch has already worn dismantl e but this is not the case. Clutches used in most mobile applications, (automotive, agriculture, construction equipment) do not use friction material.Their cycle requirements tend to be lower than industrial clutches, and their cost is more sensitive. Also, many mobile clutches are exposed to outside elements, so by not having friction material, it eliminates the hazard of swelling (reduced torque), that can communicate when friction material absorbs moisture. HOW DOES IT WORKS The clutch has four main parts field, rotor, armature, and hub ( railroad siding) . When voltage is applied the un contemptible magnetic field generates the lines of flux that pass into the rotor. (The rotor is normally connected to the part that is evermore moving in the machine. The flux (magnetic attraction) pulls the armature in contact with the rotor (the armature is connected to the component that requires the acceleration), as the armature and the rig start to accelerate. Slipping between the roto r face and the armature face continues until the input and output speed is the same ( light speed% lockup). The material time for this is kind of short, between 1/200th of a jiffy and 1 second. Disengagement is genuinely simple. Once the field starts to degrade, flux falls rapidly and the armature separates.One or more springs hold the armature away from the rotor at a predetermined air power gap. Engagement time there are actually two engagement times to consider in an electromagnetic clutch. The primary one is the time that it takes for a coil to develop a magnetic field, strong enough to pull in an armature. Within this, there are two factors to consider. The first one is the amount of ampere turns in a coil, which will determine the strength of a magnetic field. The second one is air gap, which is the space between the armature and the rotor. Magnetic lines of flux denigrate quickly in the air..Air gap is an important contemplation especially with a fixed armature desig n because as the unit wears over many cycles of engagement the armature and the rotor will create a larger air gap which will change the engagement time of the clutch. In high cycle applications, where registration is important, heretofore the difference of 10 to 15 milliseconds can make a difference, in registration of a machine. flat in a normal cycle application, this is important because a new machine that has accurate quantify can eventually see a drift in its accuracy as the machine gets older.The second factor in figuring out response time of a clutch is actually untold(prenominal) more important than the magnet wire or the air gap. It involves calculating the amount of inertia that the clutch motivations to accelerate. This is referred to as time to speed. In reality, this is what the end-user is most concerned with. Once it is known how practically inertia is present for the clutch to start then the torque can be calculated and the leave size of clutch can be chose n. Most CAD systems can automatically calculate component inertia, but the key to sizing a clutch is calculating how much inertial is reflected back to the clutch or brake.To do this, engineers use the formula T = (wk2 ? ?N) / (308 ? t) Where T = required torque in lb-ft, WK2 = conglomeration inertia in lb-ft2, ? N = change in the rotational speed in rpm, and t = time during which the acceleration or deceleration mustinessiness take place. thither are also online sites that can help confirm how much torque is required to accelerate a habituated amount of inertia over a specific time. Circuit design and analysis OBJECTIVE A control lot is to be designed to control the travel and drive unit. The Design specifications are to be fully implemented.An incomplete lap covering and equipments are given and once it is belows in like mannerd appropriate prizes for the different components should be decided. These values should allow the round to perform as specified. Design Specific ation A rophy is to be designed which is 1. Allows the angular speed of the motor to build up to a value of 20 revolutions per minute (rpm), in a time of 2 seconds (s). 2. Maintains the angular speed of 20 rpm for a time of 3s. 3. When clutch treadle is pressed it brings the machine to a halt in a time of 1s. 4.Builds up the angular speed again to 20 rpm, in a time of 2s, except this time in the opposite direction. 5. Maintains the angular speed of 20 rpm for a time of 6s. 6. Brings the machine to a halt in a time of 1s. 7. Repeats the cycle above (1-6) indefinitely when powered on. The motor must not be in dynamic braking mode at the same time as it is being driven. CIRCUIT OPERATION The sign design for the complete electrical circuit is shown below. All references to components refer to this circuit diagram. * ANALOGUE SECTION When power is supplied to the circuit the 555 Timer switches on and its output heartbeats high.The initial high pulse is longer because the 555 Timer is initially at 0V. The galvanizing condenser C3 usually raise ups from 1/3Vcc to 2/3Vcc. However initially it has to energize from 0V to 2/3Vcc. The duration of this initial high pulse is ta = 1. 1(R6 + R7)*C3 After the initial high pulse a constant charge time is the capacity charge time is given as tc= 0. 693(R6 + R7)*C3 (1) The output of the timer is brought up to +5V by R5. Pin 3 of the 555 Timer is at +5V when the output is at logic high.TR2 is then forrard biased due to the fact that it is a NPN transistor and its collector is grounded. TR2 has a base current limiter R4. TR1 has a base current limiter R2. Transistor TR1 is now reversed bias (i. e. it is open circuited) and C1 now charges up via resistor R1. As a result the motor turns on. If equal values of resistor R1 and optical condenser C1 are used then the required waveform will be obtained for the elongateue output. The duration of this low pulse is td= 0. 693(R7)*C3 (2) Pin 3 of the 555 Timer goes to 0V.TR2 is then reverse biased due to the fact that it is a NPN transistor and its collector is at +5V. Transistor TR1 is now forward biased (i. e. it is short-circuited) and C1 now discharges. The motor is now switched off. * Digital Section The voltage at the collector of TR2 provides the input clock pulse for IC2, which is configured so that it is triggered on the rising edge. Both the inputs A1 and A2 are always grounded. When the output from pin 3 of the 555 Timer is high the transistor TR2 forward biased. Therefore the input to IC2 is high. It is seen that when this occurs the output Q is high.This in turn becomes a clock suggest for the J-K flip- flop (IC3) and provides Logic 1 on one of the OR-gate inputs of IC4. After IC2 is triggered, it remains high for a time determined by the formula tw= C2*R8*ln2 (3) C2 and R8 control the length of time of braking as well as duty period the direction of the motor. When IC2 is determine a pulse is sent to the negative edge triggered J-K take turns (IC3). From the Data public opinion poll for (IC3) it is seen that with the clear high and both the inputs J and K high the JK toggles.Assuming that the initial state of (IC3) is Q = 1 and Q = 0, A is initially at logic 0 and B is at logic 1. Therefore the motor will rotate to the left in an anti-clockwise direction. When IC 2 is being triggered logic 1 will be applied to both of the OR-Gates of IC4. As a result A and B will be high. The motor will now be in dynamic braking mode. When the IC 2 is reset, Q now is logic nothing and Q is logic high. Therefore A will be high and B will now be zero. The motor will now run in a clockwise direction. When the IC 2 is re-triggered it will again be in dynamic braking mode.Circuit Simulation PSpice Before building the circuit that the group had change and it was necessary to simulate its operation to see if the design we had would work correctly i. e. within the parameters. The simulation was carried out in an electrical simulation pa ckage Pspice. Pspice is a useful design tool that allows the testing of electrical circuits without the necessity to build them. It allows designs to be modified quickly and well so that new ideas and improvements can be incorporated, before the circuit is constructed.This continues time and a considerable part of the effort when de-bugging the wiring and operation of the circuit. There were a number of reasons that the group simulated the circuit before going to the actual building stage. The main advantage was that Pspice allowed us to use theoretical values for components so we could get the timing of the circuit-very important in this case- exactly right. Although this does not mean that ideal components may be used in practice it allowed us to narrow the range of visible(prenominal) components that were required. This saved time when building and testing the circuit.Another advantage was that the wiring of ICs (Integrated circuit) was made simpler because we could use the P spice schematics as a visual aid COMPONENTS USED Resistors The resistors routine is to reduce the flow of electric current. This symbol is used to indicate a resistor in a circuit diagram. There are two classes of resistors fixed resistors and the variable resistors. They are also classified according to the material from which they are made. The typical resistor is made of either carbon film or metal film. There are other types as well, but these are the most common.Fixed ResistorsA fixed resistor is one in which the value of its enemy cannot change. Carbon film resistorsThis is the most general purpose, cheap resistor. Usually the tolerance of the resistance value is 5%. Power ratings of 1/8W, 1/4W and 1/2W are frequently used. Carbon film resistors have a disadvantage they tend to be electrically noisy. Metal film resistors are recommended for use in analog circuits. The physical size of the different resistors is as follows. METAL FILM RESISTOR Metal film resistors are used wh en a higher tolerance (more accurate value) is needed.They are much more accurate in value than carbon film resistors. They have about 0. 05% tolerance. They have about 0. 05% tolerance. Resistors that are about 1% are more than sufficient. Ni-Cr (Nichrome) seems to be used for the material of resistor. The metal film resistor is used for bridge circuits, filter circuits, and low-noise analog signal circuits. From the top of the photograph 1/8W (tolerance 1%) 1/4W (tolerance 1%) 1W (tolerance 5%) 2W (tolerance 5%) Rough size Rating power (W) Thickness (mm) Length (mm) 3 1/4 2 6 1 3. 5 12 2 5 15 VARIABLE RESISTORThere are two general ways in which variable resistors are used. One is the variable resistor which value is easily changed, like the volume adjustment of Radio. The other is semi-fixed resistor that is not meant to be adjusted by anyone but a technician. It is used to adjust the direct condition of the circuit. Capacitors The capacitors function is to store electricity, o r electrical energy. The capacitor also functions as a filter, passing alternating current (AC), and blocking direct current (DC). This symbol is used to indicate a capacitor in a circuit diagram.The capacitor is constructed with two electrode plates facing each other, but separated by an insulator. When DC voltage is applied to the capacitor, an electric charge is stored on each electrode. While the capacitor is charging up, current flows. The current will stop flowing when the capacitor has fully charged. Electrolytic Capacitors (Electrochemical type capacitors) The most important characteristic of electrolytic capacitors is that they have polarity. They have a positive and a negative electrode. Polarised This means that it is very important which way round they are connected.If the capacitor is subjected to voltage exceeding its working voltage, or if it is connected with incorrect polarity, it may burst. It is extremely dangerous, because it can quite literally explode. Make abs olutely no mistakes. Generally, in the circuit diagram, the positive side is indicated by a + (plus) symbol. Electrolytic capacitors range in value from about 1F to thousands of F. Ceramic capacitors Ceramic capacitors are constructed with materials such as titanium acid barium used as the dielectric. Internally, these capacitors are not constructed as a coil, so they can be used in high frequency applications.Typically, they are used in circuits which bypass high frequency signals to ground. These capacitors have the shape of a disk. Their capacitance is comparatively small. TRANSISTORSThe transistors function is to amplify an electric current. Many different kinds of transistors are used in analog circuits, for different reasons. This is not the case for digital circuits. In a digital circuit, only two values matter on or off. The amplification abilitiy of a transistor is not relevant in a digital circuit. In many cases, a circuit is built with integrated circuits(ICs). Transistor s are often used in digital circuits as buffers to protect ICs.For example, when powering an electromagnetic switch (called a relay), or when controlling a light emitting rectifying valve. (In my case. ) both different symbols are used for the transistor. PNP type and NPN type INTEGRATED CIRCUITSAn integrated circuit contains transistors, capacitors, resistors and other parts packed in high density on one chip. Although the function is similar to a circuit made with separate components, the internal structure of the components are different in an integrated circuit. The transistors, resistors, and capacitors are formed very small, and in high density on a foundation of silicon.They are formed by a variation of printing technology. There are many kind of ICs, including special use ICs. DIODEA rectifying valve is a semiconductor device which allows current to flow through it in only one direction. Although a transistor is also a semiconductor device, it does not operate the way a d iode does. A diode is specifically made to allow current to flow through it in only one direction. Some ways in which the diode can be used are listed here. A diode can be used as a rectifier that converts AC (Alternating Current) to DC (Direct Current) for a power show device.Diodes can be used to separate the signal from radio frequencies. Diodes can be used as an on/off switch that controls current. This symbol is used to indicate a diode in a circuit diagram. The meaning of the symbol is (Anode)(Cathode). Current flows from the anode side to the cathode side. RELAYThe relay takes advantage of the fact that when electricity flows through a coil, it becomes an electromagnet. The electromagnetic coil attracts a steel plate, which is attached to a switch. So the switchs motion (ON and OFF) is controled by the current flowing to the coil, or not, respectively.A very useful feature of a relay is that it can be used to electrically isolate different parts of a circuit. It will allow a low voltage circuit (e. g. 5VDC) to switch the power in a high voltage circuit (e. g. 100 VAC or more). The relay operates mechanically, so it can not operate at high speed. WIRING MATERIALWire is used to electrically connect circuit parts, devices, equipment etc. There are various kinds of wiring materials The different types of wire can be divided largely into two categories single wire and twisted strand wire, single wire is used to connect devices (resistors, capacitors etc. together on the PWB. It is also used for jumper wiring. reprobate strand wire can bend freely, so it can be used for wiring on the PWB, and also to connect discrete pieces of equipment. If single wire is used to connect separate equipment, it will return soon, as it is not very flexible. It is convenient to use the single tin coated wire of the diameter 0. 32 mm for the wiring of PWB. If the diameter is larger, soldering becomes a little bit difficult. And if the diameter is too thin, it becomes difficul t to bend the wire the way you want it to stay.DiscussionsElectro-Magnetic CompatibilityElectromagnetic compatibility is a field which is becoming ever more important in the modern world as the use of electronic devices becomes even more widespread. It refers to the exit of electromagnetic waves on an electrical device and the degree to which this device affects other devices in the neighbourhood. This interference can act in a number of ways. Conduction the interference occurs because of a current flow into the circuit from an external source or from one part of the circuit to another via an unintended path. e. g. a put out wire.Inductive coupling the interference is caused by a magnetic field in the neighbourhood of the device. This can affect the electrons flowing in the wires of the device. Capacitive coupling the interference is caused by an electric field in the locality of the device. This also affects the current flowing in the device. Radiation this type of interfere nce is caused by waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. One example of this is radio waves being affected by radiation from a nearby mobile phoneIn the control circuit for the de-burring machine there were very few sources of EM interference.The voltage levels used meant that any waves generated would probably not be of sufficient power to affect external devices. The time was not available to measure the interference being generated by the control circuit but if a real corporation was planning to develop this product they would have to test it thoroughly to ensure that no compatibility problems would exist under normal operating conditions. For example in a mill environment it is possible that the circuit could be placed near sensitive devices such as computers.The reverse is also true the manufacturer must check to ensure that the circuit is not adversely affected by the other forms of EM interference generated in the workplace by devices such as robots, air conditioning systems and motors. One advantage of the control circuit for the de-burring machine is that it is very urge on so it would therefore not be too big-ticket(prenominal) to construct a case which would shield the device from external sources of EM waves and also contain any emissions generated by the device. It would also be possible to put a filter on the analogue output from the circuit to remove any noise being picked up by the circuit.This would ensure that the analogue output was not seriously affected however it is not really necessary. The analogue output level for the device was chosen to be 1. 2V because this gives a relatively low RPM however it could be raised so that any noise picked up would only alter the analogue output by a very small percentage. The wagon train could then be adjusted to give the correct speed. The largest source of EM emissions from the de-burring machine would probably be the motor itself. This is because of the magnetic fields generated by the rotor and stator coils.As stated on the motor data sheet no testing has been carried out on the EMC of the motor but no effect has been noticed on the circuit. The simplest solution to any problems caused by the motor would be to place some form of shielding around the motor or to place the motor a distance away from the control circuit. GearingThe motor and control unit used in the construction of the circuit was not suitable for operation at the low RPM required for the drum of the de-burring machine. The lowest voltage possible speed input to the control unit was 500 rpm when the input voltage was 1V.In order to scale down the speed of the drum it was decided to use a gearing unit. In order to meet the specifications of the design brief it is required to drop the speed of the motor to 20rpm. Given the current design of the circuit the output voltage of 1. 2V gives a speed of 800rpm. This means that a gear ratio of 80020 or 401 is required. This can be achieved by using two gear wheels wit h diameters in the ratio 401 but this would not be practical as it would require one wheel to be a great deal larger than the other. Using 2 gear wheels would also result in the drum turning in the opposite direction and this is undesirable.Gear TrainsAnother possible gear combination to achieve the required reduction in speed would be to use three cogs. The first two would be in the ratio 81 and then the second two in the ratio 51. To achieve this a gear train would have to be formed as shown in figure 5. 1. This would save space and also correct the problem of the drum rotating in the wrong direction as the second cog would reverse the direction then the third would return it to normal. Planetary GearingAn even more compact method of gearing would be to use what is known as a planetary gear.In this type of gearing mechanism the smaller cogs are fitted inside the larger cogs as shown in figure 5. 2 below. The red cogs are held stationary and the yellow gear is connected to the inpu t. This saves space by having the input and output on the same axis and also makes the mechanism more robust by using three rally gears instead of one. This would reduce the servicing required by the machine which is an important consideration in industry. The red and yellow gears would be in the ratio of 51 and the blue and red gears would have to be in the ratio 81 to give the required 401 reduction. sprain GearsThe closing type of gear to be considered is the worm gear (figure 5. 3). In this system the reduction factor can be very large which would allow one cog to make the 401 reduction? Worm gears also have the useful property of being one way. The angle between the worm and the gear teeth is such that the worm can turn the gear but the gear cannot be used to turn the worm. This would be particularly useful as an additional form of braking for the drum of the de-burring machine however the circuit would have tobe re-designed to slow the analogue output from its full voltage t o zero gradually.If this were not through with(p) the gears would lock when the motor stopped and the sudden jerk would place a great stress on the components. If the circuit was to be re-designed as suggested the dynamic braking of the motor would be redundant. Improvements to DesignAfter completion of the circuit it was evident that a number of improvements could be made to the design that would make the circuit more versatile or go against suited to its task. These will be covered in this section with the aim of showing possible routes for further development of the circuit. Had time permitted some of these could have been tried in the laboratory.Perhaps the simplest of the possible routes for improving the circuit is the reliever of resistors R6 and R6 with variable resistors. This would allow the forward and reverse times for the drum spinning to be altered. In this way the most suitable length of time for the parts to be de-burred can be found without the need to re-build t he circuit. It would also mean that different components, requiring different lengths of time, could be de-burred in the same machine, although not at the same time. This would allow the machine to be more flexible and save the company money.By using variable resistors the times could also be fine tuned to compensate for any errors in the timing caused by the tolerances of the components used and also any extra resistance caused by the non-ideal nature of the components. Another improvement to the design would be to eliminate the extended first pulse from the 555 timer which causes the drum to rotate longer on its first cycle. Because the pulse is part of the operation of the 555 timer it is hard to alter before it affects the analogue out so one solution would be to have some form of clutch system between the drum and motor.This would disengage the drum from the motor at start-up and not allow the drum to be turned until after the first cycle. Some form of circuit could be designed to control the clutch and only engage the motor after the first cycle has passed. Another alternative would be to have the clutch only engage after a set time equal to the duration of the first cycle. This could either be a mechanical or electrical timer and would be required to engage the clutch after 7. 746 +1+8=16. 75sec. Some form of switch could also be incorporated into the circuit to reset the JK flip-flop each time the circuit is switched on.This ensures that the flip-flop always starts in the correct state and that the motor is always turning in the right direction for its first rotations. This switch would also allow the cycle to be restarted without turning the power off. Such a function could be simply implemented by connecting the reset pin to +5V via a switch. A final consideration when improving the circuit would be to alter the transformation circuit for R6 in such a way that one resistor is always connected and connecting a second resistor in parallel with it alte rs the total resistance as shown in figure A.A-Alternative transformation CircuitPractical ConsiderationsWhile the motor circuit worked as required in the laboratory test, a number of other factors must be brought into consideration when the circuit is being designed for use in industry. One of the major factors has already been discussed in the section on EMC but there are many more will be briefly covered in this section. One of the most obvious differences between the test equipment and an industrial system is the motor being driven.For safety reasons the motor connected to the circuit was a low power motor but to drive a large drum a larger motor with a higher torque would be required. While the controller card used can only support motors with an operating voltage up to 30V, a similar controller could be designed to operate at much higher output voltages while still being run off of the same circuit. Another possibility would be to run a number of motors off of on control circ uit. This would allow a much greater number of parts to be de-burred without the need for an exceptionally large drum. This would introduce the problem of fan-out however.The relatively low analogue output voltage of 1. 2V would have to be increased if a large number of controller cards were to be driven. The same is true of the voltages from the OR gates controlling direction. This is problem is easily rectified by using op-amps to boost the voltage. When the system is being used in a factory environment there are also a number of environmental come to the fores to be deal with. There could be a great deal of dust or fine particles of metal in the air from the de-burring process, it is also possible that in an automated process the factory may not be heated.Placing the control circuit in a sealed container can resolve some of these issues, as this will foresee dust from affecting its operation. It would also be possible to incorporate shielding into this casing to improve EMC. Th e temperature issue is not very important, as it is unlikely that the operating ranges of the IC would be exceeded. For 74 series chips this is in the region of 0-70? C and 54 series chips have an operating range of about 50-120? C. The final consideration when constructing a system for industry would be ease of manufacture.If a large number of these machines were required the circuit would have to be laid out in such a way that it could be easily constructed on printed circuit boards. There are computer programs available to aid the designer in this process and it would be unlikely to cause a major problem. ConclusionsHaving designed and constructed the circuit it was felt that it met all of the given specifications although there were still a number of improvements that could have been made. These improvements have been covered briefly in the parole section and given more time they could have been implemented in the circuit.As already mentioned the only specifications not met wer e that on start-up the machine should rotate for 3 seconds in one direction before braking and reversing. Using the clutch method mentioned in the discussions could solve this but the design brief given did not extend to cover the drum so has not been included in the final design. During the course of the project a number of other points became evident which greatly ease the process of designing an electronic circuit. Simulation using a computer package such as Pspice saves a considerable amount of time by allowing the circuit to be easily laid out and tested.Any changes required can be made easily without strike the rest of the circuit. Another advantage of Pspice is the ability to produce graphs of the outputs from the circuit, which can then be scaled, formatted and printed as required. To do this for the actual circuit requires very specialised and expensive equipment. In conclusion, the group felt that all objectives had been met and that the final circuit was successful in fu lfilling its role. A number of important lessons were learned about the problems involved in designing a circuit to meet a real-world need and ways of overcoming these problems were found.BILL OF MATERIALS S. NO. ITEMS Quantity outlay 1. motor 1 2. Diode 3. capacitor 4. 555 timer 5. Relay switch 6. Coils 7. resistances 8. transformer 9. Wiring materials 10. Integrated circuit 11. Wiring board References1 Schematic Capture with Microsim Pspice Herniter Prentice Hall 3 Ed. Rd P250-2522 http//www. emclab. umr. edu/An Introduction to EMCUniversity of Missouri-Rolla EMC laboratory3 http//reality. sgi. com/csp/scvemc/emcdef. tmlEnsuring Compatibility Between the Electromagnetic Environment and Electric and Electrical Devices Kimball William, Chairman, IEEE EMC Education Committee4 http//www. howstuffworks. com/gears. htmHow gears Work5www. scribd . com6www. mechanicalprojects. comBackground Reading * Digital Fundamentals Floyd Prentice Hall 7 Edition t h. * Introductory Circuit Analysis Boylestad Prentice Hall 9 Edition t h. * Machine Design R. K. Rajput. * Kinematics Of Machine R. S. khurmi. * Automobile Engineering R. K. Rajput