John Brown and His Raid on Harpers Ferry

John Brown and His Raid on Harpers Ferry The abolitionist John Brown stays one of the most disputable figures of the nineteenth century. During a couple of long stretches of notoriety before his portentous attack on the government munititions stockpile at Harpers Ferry, Americans either viewed him as a respectable legend or a perilous fan. After his execution on December 2, 1859, Brown turned into a saint to those contradicted to subjugation. Also, the contention over his activities and his destiny stirred the pressures that pushed the United States to the edge of Civil War. Early Life John Brown was conceived on May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut. His family was plunged from New England Puritans, and he had a profoundly strict childhood. John was the third of six kids in the family. At the point when Brown was five, the family moved to Ohio. During his youth, Browns exceptionally strict dad would shout that servitude was a transgression against God. Also, when Brown visited a ranch in his childhood he saw the beating of slave. The savage episode lastingly affected youthful Brown, and he turned into an obsessive rival of servitude. John Browns Anti-Slavery Passion Earthy colored wedded at 20 years old, and he and his significant other had seven kids before she kicked the bucket in 1832. He remarried and fathered 13 additional kids. Earthy colored and his family moved to a few states, and he fizzled at each business he entered. His energy for wiping out subjugation turned into the focal point of his life. In 1837, Brown went to a gathering in Ohio in memory of Elijah Lovejoy, an abolitionist paper editorial manager who had been executed in Illinois. At the gathering, Brown lifted his hand and pledged that he would annihilate servitude. Pushing Violence In 1847 Brown moved to Springfield, Massachusetts and started become friends with individuals from a network of got away from slaves. It was at Springfield that he originally become a close acquaintence with the abolitionist author and proofreader Frederick Douglass, who had gotten away from subjugation in Maryland. Browns thoughts turned out to be progressively radical, and he started supporting a fierce oust of subjection. He contended that servitude was dug in to the point that it must be crushed by savage methods. A few adversaries of subjugation had gotten disappointed with the serene methodology of the set up cancelation development, and Brown increased a few adherents with his blazing way of talking. John Browns Role in Bleeding Kansas During the 1850s the domain of Kansas was shaken by vicious clashes between abolitionist bondage and master subjection pilgrims. The brutality, which got known as Bleeding Kansas, was a side effect of the profoundly dubious Kansas-Nebraska Act. John Brown and five of his children moved to Kansas to help the free-soil pilgrims who needed Kansas to come into the association as a free state in which bondage would be prohibited. In May 1856, because of ace subjugation rascals assaulting Lawrence, Kansas, Brown and his children assaulted and slaughtered five genius bondage pilgrims at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas. Earthy colored Desired a Slave Rebellion Subsequent to securing a grisly notoriety in Kansas, Brown set his sights higher. He became persuaded that on the off chance that he began an uprising among slaves by giving weapons and technique, the revolt would spread over the whole south. There had been slave uprisings previously, most quite the one drove by the slave Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831. Turners resistance brought about the passings of 60 whites and the possible execution of Turner and in excess of 50 African Americans accepted to have been included. Earthy colored knew about the historical backdrop of slave uprisings, yet still accepted he could begin a guerrilla war in the south. The Plan to Attack on Harpers Ferry Earthy colored started to design an assault on the government munititions stockpile in the humble community of Harpers Ferry, Virginia (which is in present-day West Virginia). In July 1859, Brown, his children, and different supporters leased a homestead over the Potomac River in Maryland. They spent the late spring covertly storing weapons, as they accepted they could arm slaves in the south who might escape ​to join their motivation. Earthy colored made a trip to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania at one point that mid year to meet with his old companion Frederick Douglass. Hearing Browns plans, and trusting them self-destructive, Douglass would not take an interest. John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry The evening of October 16, 1859, Brown and 18 of his adherents drove carts into the town of Harpers Ferry. The bandits cut message wires and rapidly defeated the gatekeeper at the arsenal, viably holding onto the structure. However a train going through town conveyed the news, and by the following day powers started to show up. Earthy colored and his men blockaded themselves inside structures and an attack started. The slave uprising Brown would have liked to start never occurred. An unforeseen of Marines showed up, under the order of Col. Robert E. Lee. The greater part of Browns men were before long executed, however he was taken alive on October 18 and imprisoned. The Martyrdom of John Brown Browns preliminary for conspiracy in Charlestown, Virginia was significant news in American papers in late 1859. He was indicted and condemned to death. John Brown was hanged, alongside four of his men, on December 2, 1859 at Charlestown. His execution was set apart by the ringing of chapel chimes in numerous towns in the north. The abolitionist cause had increased a saint. Furthermore, the execution of Brown was a stage on the countrys street to Civil War.

How to Make Your Mark as a Brand New Manager

The most effective method to Make Your Mark as a Brand New Manager The duty of being placed responsible for a group accompanies a great deal of commitment. Obviously, the higher ups anticipate that you should meet set up objectives. In any case, what regularly gets disregarded is your obligation to the representatives who report to you. Here are a few hints on the most proficient method to be a direct and dependable manager who will pick up the regard and loyalty of your staff. Be a LeaderIt’s enticing to mate up to your workers so as to set up a kinship, however actually you are their chief and it’s hard to totally extricate up around you. Make explicit asks for and acknowledge individuals will be reluctant to stand up against you on the off chance that they don’t concur. Ensure they know whether the entryway open for thoughts that vary from yours.Be Direct and SpecificIf you have desires and confinements, spread them out forthcoming. Nobody likes to go through hours conceptualizing just to be told their vision is excessively c ostly or devouring to take on. Time is preciousâ€when you give guidelines, consider what you might want to be told on the off chance that you were the representative so as to be your most productive.Be RespectfulIf you’re assuming control over another group, understand that they were a gathering with thoughts and yield before you went along. Regardless of whether you don’t concur with how they worked before you showed up, proceed with caution with criticismâ€any pessimism may appear as though a direct attack.Be TrustingWork must go on, even as you find a workable pace on your new job. You won’t have the option to be legitimately associated with all the goings on of your group as you get your heading. Trust that everybody is there to do a decent job.Establishing a strong chief representative relationship from the start will do ponders for your time at an organization. On the off chance that your group is your ally (and they know your on theirs!) theyâ€℠¢ll go the additional mile to perform at the highest point of their game.

Interpersonal communication about When Harry met Sally movie Essay

Relational correspondence about When Harry met Sally film - Essay Example One of the makers and essayist, Nora Ephron won an Oscar grant. The primary characters, Harry and Sally whose genuine names are Billy Crystal and Meg Ryan were additionally named as the best on-screen character and entertainer. The film got basic surveys, which were sure (Internet Movie Database, 1990). Probably the most tenable pundits refered to that the film had the absolute most engaging scenes and entertaining. The hypothesis suggests that social closeness consistently advances from a shallow state to one which is personal (Kanu, 2008). Harry and Sally’s relationship possibly developed when they were distant from everyone else subsequent to isolating from their sweethearts. For instance, Sally had parted ways with her fiancã © Joe and needed to reveal it to Harry. In another scene, Harry is seen alone (Reiner, 1989). Like what the hypothesis proposes, the closeness between two individuals creates because of self-revelation. The RDT hypothesis sets that connections between individuals consistently mirror the strains existing when individuals are imparting which for the most part emerges from clashes (Kanu, 2008). Likewise, the hypothesis suggests that connections center around the restricting conduct of individuals. In the film, obviously Harry and Sally started to lament in light of going through a night together. The characters portrayed a feeling of blame in various scenes (Reiner, 1989). As proposed by the hypothesis, there are restricting propensities on the grounds that a relationship can't exist without parties yielding their self-rule. Harry said he felt it was an error. While Sally consented to Harry’s conclusions verbally, her non-verbal tone in one of the scenes showed she didn't feel it was an error. The film affirms that the idea of simply being companions and not sweethearts isn't accurate. The hypothesis suggests that when there is a collaboration between individuals, the vulnerability between them decreases (Kanu, 2008). The hypothesis presumes that when the relationship is starting to develop, there are numerous questions. Harry and

The F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby - 1613 Words

The Barred Gatsby The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is the compelling story of the lengths one man goes to in order to try and win back the love of his youth. In order to do so, the titular figure of the novel, Jay Gatsby, reinvents himself from the hardscrabble soldier of his younger years into an enigma of a millionaire; during his time living at West Egg, Gatsby is revered by all, but known by none. Despite the lavish lifestyle which has made him ever so well known, Gatsby is never able to win back Daisy, the girl who has for so long represented the culmination of all of his desires. To convey the complex themes of the novel, Fitzgerald makes use of the literary techniques discussed in How To Read Literature Like A Professor by Thomas C. Foster, especially in his portrayal of the geography of the Eggs and in Gatsby’s quest to win Daisy’s affection. In his novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses Gatsby’s desperate struggle to ingratiate himself into Daisy’s life to illustrate how one can never overcome the socio-economic barriers placed upon them at birth. As Foster mentions in How To Read Literature Like A Professor, â€Å"literary geography is typically about humans inhabiting spaces, and at the same time spaces inhabiting humans†, a concept that Fitzgerald relies on to demonstrate the barriers heavily separating him from Daisy (Foster 173). Throughout The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the two Eggs to demonstrate the large impact location has on Gatsby’s attempts toShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby974 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the Valley of Ashes: The Great Gatsby â€Å"This is a valley of ashes- a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and raising smoke and finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air† (Fitzgerald 26). In the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† the author F. Scott Fitzgerald, mainly depicted lives of the rich and their luxuries but also showed theRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1289 Words   |  6 Pages and many people realized their own version of the American Dream during this period. The American Dream is one that many people want to achieve. However, F. Scott Fitzgerald demonstrates his true feelings about the American Dream in his classic novel, The Great Gatsby. Many characters in this story, such as Daisy and Tom Buchanan, Jay Gatsby, and Jordan Baker, found riches and happiness in materialistic things and people throughout this novel. This is the stereotypical American Dream that is associatedRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby944 Words   |  4 Pages423169 Prompt #4 No Comments Lim [f (x)] - 0 = ∞ ... The Limit as X Approaches Infinity Humans continually search for success. This success surfaces in forms such as fortune, fame, glory, et cetera. The American Dream encapsulates the ideals of the â€Å"New World,† bringing together not only the idea of limitless success, but also its newfound availability and encouragement for embracing the promise land. The Great Gatsby explores the American Dream and â€Å"the actual nature of this dream... the mannerRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1265 Words   |  6 PagesJay Gatsby and His Undying Love for Daisy Buchanan F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby in the midst of the roaring twenties, which was an age full of wealth, parties, and romance. Young people living in the 1920s were centered around wanting to find love so Fitzgerald, along with many other authors during this time period, focused his writing in The Great Gatsby on relationships and affection. Jay Gatsby, one of the main characters in the novel, is a very mysterious man, but there is oneRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1845 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"You don’t write to say something, you write because you have something to say.† F. Scott Fitzgerald was one of the most remarkable writers of all time during the Jazz Age. He started to reach an accomplishment of success with This Side of Paradise and accomplished it with The Great Gatsby. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novels take place back in the early 1900’s; he attempts to communicate knowledge to the elocutionist, in a sophisticated, but humorous way, that making it big is not uncomplicated. FurthermoreRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1720 Words   |  7 Pagesdriving force of evolution in humanity. It allows the aspiration of being able to do astonishing things, and proffers them prosperity in life. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald delves into the American Dream and it’s demise. Fitzgerald focuses on the character of Jay Gatsby to materialize the false image that the American Dream created in the 1920’s. Gatsby is th e protagonist of the novel, and is famous for throwing massive parties regardless of the secret life that he lives. The narrator, Nick CarrawayRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1202 Words   |  5 PagesJay Gatsby and F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald is an acclaimed American author, popularly recognized for his novel The Great Gatsby. In addition to his literary work, Fitzgerald is noted for his unstable personal life. Originally coming from a low-income background, he could not marry the woman that he first loved. Even when he met another woman, he had to acquire wealth to marry her; this drove him to publish his first novel. He married her shortly after. However, a couple years after, heRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1258 Words   |  6 Pages What Killed Gatsby? Love or Greed? To certain people, Gatsby’s death was a cruel and surprising conclusion to The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. But there is still some mystery around the cause of Gatsby’s death. Upon meeting Gatsby for the first time, one can tell that he has an obsession centered around Daisy Buchanan, his old love, and was dead set on getting her back. Gatsby’s obsession with repeating the past is responsible for his death and Gatsby’s greed put him in a grave. FurtherRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1761 Words   |  8 Pagescould be the main focus of people who are going out on their own to create a family. However, F. Scott Fitzgerald took a different route in his most famous novel. Fitzgerald uses his book, The Great Gatsby, to show how the idea of the American Dream is slowly dying in the society he created. Although the American Dream was prevalent during the time The Great Gatsby took place in, F. Scott Fitzgerald went against the social norm of believing in this idea and revolved his novel around the idea ofRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1381 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby portrays characterization corresponding with characters’ birthplaces, desires, and determination in order to devise their statuses. The narrator, Nick Carraway, is disparate from others due to the place he grew up which is exemplified when he moves to New York from the Midwest. Tom Buchanan satisfies his desire for love by having women in his life as well as his wife Daisy. Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan

Criminal Justice Education Through Distance Learning 2019

The criminal justice field is wide open with opportunities for those who wish to grow within the ranks. One requirement, however, for most of these positions is that the applicant should posses an associates degree or beyond. There are many different sources available for obtaining said degree. There are the options of technical schools, community colleges, and universities. Unfortunately for many people today the rigorous demands of campus life and hectic schedules are not compatible with a nontraditional educational experience. This can especially be the case with those who currently work in the criminal justice field. With long hours and little time to devote to just as long classroom hours a degree may be out of the question for those who have only considered these traditional forms of education. Today though there is an option available that many have yet to consider. What was once considered to be one of the only other opportunities available, correspondence courses have received a much needed face lift and a renewed lease on life. .uaf5c70ab84b3f959cb1be414c30444d2 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uaf5c70ab84b3f959cb1be414c30444d2:active, .uaf5c70ab84b3f959cb1be414c30444d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uaf5c70ab84b3f959cb1be414c30444d2 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uaf5c70ab84b3f959cb1be414c30444d2 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uaf5c70ab84b3f959cb1be414c30444d2 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uaf5c70ab84b3f959cb1be414c30444d2:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Bachelor Degree Nursing Online Program Forensic Corrections Nurses Provide Needed Treatment to InmatesNow known as distance education, these courses can be taken in the comfort of ones own home and at a pace that is determined by their individual needs. One advantage to todays distance learning courses is that many of the old manila envelopes that once had to be mailed in have since been replaced by email tests and Internet based learning. A person new to the field can acquire any degree necessary, be it an associates all the way up to the doctoral level. Another benefit to the distance educational opportunities available today is the ability to apply any existing college credits to the course in order to shorten the amount of work necessary. This is accomplished by cutting out all lessons that are consider ed repetitive. No matter what level of education one is pursuing there is a distance educational opportunity tailored to suit their exact needs. Be it a current police officer seeking his associates degree in criminal justice in order to get a promotion, or a probational officer looking at gaining his masters in order to be promoted to upper management, the courses are available from a number of online distance education providers. One has only to run a search based on the level of education for which they are searching. .u20563a587b5bc2c11c87ed2a71331d7d { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u20563a587b5bc2c11c87ed2a71331d7d:active, .u20563a587b5bc2c11c87ed2a71331d7d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u20563a587b5bc2c11c87ed2a71331d7d { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u20563a587b5bc2c11c87ed2a71331d7d .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u20563a587b5bc2c11c87ed2a71331d7d .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u20563a587b5bc2c11c87ed2a71331d7d:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Finding a College Teaching PositionA major advantage of the distance education courses is the speed at which one can complete the degree programs. Criminal justice degrees that once took more than four years can now be completed in just two to three. These nontraditional students can accomplish this feet while still working as well which makes them a huge draw to people that are supporting a family. No matter whether they are called distance education courses or just correspondence courses, the end result is the same. They allow individuals to gain an edge in the job market that they didnt have. Related ArticlesA Day in the Life of an Online Masters Degree StudentThe Road to a Criminal Justice Career Earning an A.A. in Criminal JusticeIs a Bachelors in Criminal Justice For YouUniversity of Phoenix Nursing School How to Combine the Best of Online and Campus-based LearningImprove Your Life and the World With a Masters Degree In Criminal JusticeAssociate Criminal Justice Degree Checklist 7 Things to Consider Before Enrolling .ub6e7826cc3ac14f09e8d5760537228b7 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ub6e7826cc3ac14f09e8d5760537228b7:active, .ub6e7826cc3ac14f09e8d5760537228b7:hover { opacity: 1; t ransition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ub6e7826cc3ac14f09e8d5760537228b7 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ub6e7826cc3ac14f09e8d5760537228b7 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ub6e7826cc3ac14f09e8d5760537228b7 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ub6e7826cc3ac14f09e8d5760537228b7:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Bachelor Business Degree in Management of Information Systems Enter an IT Career in the Business Environment

What do visual hallucinations tell us about the nature of...

What do visual hallucinations tell us about the nature of consciousness? The term ‘hallucination’ is difficult to define. There is a fine line between a ‘hallucination’ and an ‘illusion’. A hallucination differs from an illusion in that illusions are a product of misinterpretations of external stimuli whereas hallucinations need no such requirement making them an entirely internal process. A true hallucination can also be distinguished from a pseudo-hallucination in which the individual can recognise that what they’re seeing or hearing is not real. Hallucinations are also different from voluntary mental imagery, in that the thought has not uncontrollably forced itself onto our minds. Slade and Bentall (1988, cited in Blackmore, 2010)†¦show more content†¦The best way to induce hallucinations, or where they occur the most, is through sensory deprivation. Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a common condition among people who have lost their sight in which they suffer visual hallucinations. Many studies ha ve looked at the syndrome in order to provide a better understanding of visual hallucinations. One study exhibited a 64-year-old blind woman suffering from complex visual hallucinations (McNamara, Heros, Boller, 1982). It was found that neurosurgical removal of a large suprasellar meningioma helped remove her hallucinatory experiences. Such a case study provides evidence that hallucinations are related to both a sensory deprivation and an impairment in CNS functioning. Another study claimed that, through looking at patients suffering from CBS, the hallucinations were due to an interruption in the visual association areas of the cerebral cortex. The researchers suggested that hallucinatory experiences could terminate on improving visual function or addressing social isolation (Menon, Rahman, Menon, Dutton, 2003). Deprivation of hearing can also induce hallucinations. Sometimes the deaf hear hallucinated sounds – they may even hear whole orchestras playing. Various case studies have demonstrated such a claim. Miller and Crosby (1979) found an 89-year-old woman experiencing the onset of musical hallucinations with longstanding progressive hearing loss. These hallucinations were well-formed perceptions of religiousShow MoreRelatedKing Lear Madness Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesWhat defines madness? Is it a state of being that is derived from deterioration of the brain, or is it just extremely foolish behavior created by mayhem and chaos? Perhaps, it is a collaboration of the two, for without sane cognition the basis of irrationality would not be present, such is the case of King Lear. He is a man riddled with madness inside and out, yet through his state of frenzy and turmoil, Lear unveils unexpected guidance, validity, and enlightenment. It seems impossible for two opposingRead MoreEss ay on The Origin of Dreams3181 Words   |  13 Pagespeople you saw, the things you forgot to do. You think about what you will do tomorrow and the next day and next month and so on. Your breathing deepens and your heart rate slows. You realize you are no longer directing the pattern of your thoughts: they are moving off on a path of their own. But you are too tired to care. You drift to the edge of the world of sleep. After about 90 minutes of peaceful inactivity, your brain becomes extremely alert, but you do not awaken. You have entered the periodRead MoreEssay about A Singular Self-Identity3465 Words   |  14 Pagespresupposes all our experiences of consciousness. We all hold that this identity is ours alone. I speak of my experiences as experienced by me. I would seem to be talking nonsense , if I referred to myself in the plural or spoke of how the multiplicity of ‘me’s’ experienced an event. Although most will submit to the existence of levels of cons ciousness, we categorize those people who exhibit distinct personalities as non-ordinary. 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Accounting Financial Analysis Report Business strategy

Question: Discuss about the Essay for Accounting Financial Analysis Report for Business strategy. Answer: Introduction:- The role of accountants has changed greatly in the modern business scenario. In earlier days, accountants were treated as mere scorekeepers. Nowadays, with the evolution in accounting systems and introduction of new branches of accounting, accountants are now considered as the source of important managerial information. Like the marketing and production departments, accounts departments are also taking active participation in the growth of the businesses. Such revolution in the role of accountants has become possible due to growing importance of various financial information. Now the success of the business firms not only depends on its revenue earning activities but also on its market growth, stock prices and other non-marketing activities. Moreover, the business firms also use to rely greatly on various internal external financial data to measure its growth over the periods, its market position and also the market position of its competitors. All these information and analysis have helped the accountants to transformed into one of the important personnel within a business organization. Role of Accountants in Enhancing Profitability:- As discussed above, with the advancements of the accounting procedures, accountants are taking active roles in enhancing the profitability of the business firms. Apart from the traditional bookkeeping activities, accountants are also undertaking various other financial activities as the part of their job. The major portion of the total expenditure of any business entity is used to be covered by the operating cost. Therefore, accountants use to focus on the operating activities to control the operating costs and increasing the profit margin of the entity (Ward 2012). Accountants use to assess various internal external risk factors of the organization. Through the risk assessment process, they are able to provide a steady and secure revenue structure and diminish the level of various unpredicted and unpredicted losses (Biddle et al. 2015). By analyzing various financial and non-financial informations, accountants can guide the management for developing a suitable organizational structure, which can perform more effectively and reduce the various abnormal costs (Ah Lay and Jusoh 2014). Accountants also help the marketing team to develop better customer relationship management. Accountants use to study the past records and current market scenario carefully for providing guidance about how the marketing can satisfy the customers more effectively (Laine et al. 2016). The stakeholders have become very much important nowadays for a business organization. The business firms always target to satisfy their stakeholders by its financial and non-financial performances (Kim et al. 2013). Accountants play major role in fulfilling the needs of the stakeholders. They use to focus on the basic needs of different stakeholders and help the organization to fulfill those needs by providing suitable strategies and guidelines (Elbashir et al. 2013). In these manners, the accountants have changed their roles and upgraded themselves as one of the key factors of the business organization for enhancing the profitability. Moreover, the new accounting procedures are also used to assess the profitability of the market investments. Therefore, many accountants have started to act as financial advisors, who use to provide advises on proper investment plans to the individual investors, as well as, the corporate houses (Biddle et al. 2013). Malpractices for Enhancing Profitability:- It has been observed that many organizations use to utilize the accountants for enhancing the profitability by any mean. Not only the organization, but many accountants also use to concentrate more on the profitability factor. Due to such over concentration on profitability, many accountants are following unethical ways to increase the profit margins of the company (Gilley et al. 2014). In many cases, the employees of the organizations use to be more concern about the net cash payments in comparison to the long-term benefits, provided by the employer. Many accountants use to capitalize this situation and develop such payment structure for the employees, which will reduce the long-term benefits. By this process, the overall cost for employees uses to get decreased and the company maximizes its profit. It is a very common practice amongst the accountants to manipulate the financial statements for reducing the tax amounts. Accountants use to prepare the financial statements in such a manner that the net income as per the books would be lower than the actual net income, earned by the company. Thus, they help the company to pay lesser tax amount to the government (Imoniana and Silva 2013). Sometime, many business firms use to take huge loans from various financial institutions and the owners use to utilize those funds for their personal growth. To avoid the payment of the creditors, the accountants of such firms use to manipulate the financial data in such a way that the firms use to be declared as bankrupt by the concerned authority and the owners would not have to pay any amount to the creditors out of their own fund. In modern days, most of the companies continue its operations by either equity financing or by debt financing. To attract the potential financers or investors, it is very necessary to maintain a proper financial growth, especially for equity financing. Accountants use to make this task easier by exhibiting overvalued assets and profits in the financial statements (Ghose 2015). The accountants of many institution use to develop such complex marketing plans, which seems to be more profitable for customers, but in reality, customers do not get any extra advantage from such plans. In this way, they help the firms to increase the sales volume by giving false commitments to the consumers (Devi 2015). The accountants use to get the scope of such malpractices due to various reasons. Different accounting standard boards use to provide different accounting treatment for same accounting transactions. Moreover, there is a huge difference in the net income assessment technique for taxation purpose and for general reporting purpose. The accounting boards do not provide any clear guidance for some of the accounting procedures, such as fair value accounting, CSR accounting etc. In many cases, the stakeholders, such as employees, investors etc., do not use to be fully aware and sufficiently knowledgeable about the accounting and evaluation procedures. The accountants capitalize these drawbacks of the accounting system to increase the profit for the company (Imoniana et al. 2013). Conclusion:- The accountants are employed for maintain the financial records of the organization. In the modern scenario, the accountants are expected to provide more benefits to the company. They are expected to increase the profit margins by the various accounting techniques and financial planning. Hence, the accountants use various advanced accounting methods, such as management accounting, customer accounting etc. for providing better service to its employees. Along with the financial planning, they are utilizing their professional knowledge to help the organization for various other planning related to the non-financial activities also. By different market analysis methods, they can forecast the future outcomes of the company, as well as the outcomes of its competitors. They can help the organization to reduce its costs and expenditures by proper cost planning and budgeting. Through these processes, the company can also enjoy various tax benefits. Thus, the accountants, nowadays, play a major role in the profit maximization for the company. The new role of the accountants has created the extra burden on them to increase the profit for the company and its owners. They are forced to adopt unethical procedures to make the company more profitable. Sometimes they manipulate the financial records for reducing the tax expenses or attract more stakeholders. In some cases, they implement unethical planning, which use to deprive the consumers, employees or the investors. Therefore, it can be stated that the role of accountants for enhancing the profitability has caused only positive impact on the society. It has come along with many negative traits also. But it should be noted that most of the time, the accountants use to utilize their knowledge for such unethical causes as per the instruction of the company management. Hence, the accountants cannot be blamed solely for such misusage of professional knowledge. Reference List:- Ah Lay, T. and Jusoh, R., 2014. Business strategy, intensity of competition, strategic role of accountants, strategic management accounting and firm performance. Biddle, G.C., Kim, J.B., Ma, M.L. and Song, F.M., 2015. Accounting conservatism and bankruptcy risk.Available at SSRN 1621272 Biddle, G.C., Ma, M.L. and Song, F.M., 2013. The risk management role of accounting conservatism for operating cash flows.Available at SSRN 1695629 Devi, R.U., 2015. Creative accounting practices-Its Pros Cons: An analysis.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,5(1), pp.40-52 Elbashir, M.Z., Collier, P.A., Sutton, S.G., Davern, M.J. and Leech, S.A., 2013. Enhancing the business value of business intelligence: The role of shared knowledge and assimilation.Journal of Information Systems,27(2), pp.87-105 Ghose, K.S., 2015. Ethics in Managerial Accounting: Today's Challenges in USA.GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS),4(2), p.85. Gilley, A., Gilley, J.W., Ambort-Clark, K.A. and Marion, D., 2014. Evidence of managerial malpractice: An empirical study.Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship,19(4), p.24 Imoniana, J.O. and Silva, R.M., 2013. Revisiting the concepts of forensic accounting and corporate fraud.International Journal of Auditing Technology,1(2), pp.175-202 Imoniana, J.O., Antunes, M.T.P. and Formigoni, H., 2013. The forensic accounting and corporate fraud.JISTEM-Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management,10(1), pp.119-144 Kim, Y., Li, S., Pan, C. and Zuo, L., 2013. The role of accounting conservatism in the equity market: Evidence from seasoned equity offerings.The Accounting Review,88(4), pp.1327-1356 Laine, T., Korhonen, T., Suomala, P. and Rantamaa, A., 2016. Boundary subjects and boundary objects in accounting fact construction and communication.Qualitative Research in Accounting Management,13(3) Ward, K., 2012.Strategic management accounting. Routledge

Any vs. Either

Any vs. Either Any vs. Either Any vs. Either By Maeve Maddox I just did a double-take when reading an article about creating passport photos using Photoshop Elements and another application. Heres what threw me: If you have any of these two applications, then you can follow this simple do-it-yourself project any of these two applications Horrors! In speaking of two applications, the word either is called for: If you have either of these two applications. If, however, one is talking about three or more applications, one may say: If you have any of the photo editing applications available these days, you can. NOTE: either = one or the other; from OE hwaether, each of two any = one indifferently out of more than two The negative of either is neither. Here are some quotations from the press: the poor and the unwanted, with people very much like my mother.My mother needed neither my pity nor my shame. Just my compassion and respect. (www.nytimes.com) on trade and immigration - is taking root within his adopted party, and those uneasy with grievance politics are either giving in or giving up the fight. (www.nytimes.com) Hearty and nutritious, but still buttery and rich, these unfussy pancakes come together quickly and without any special equipment. (www.nytimes.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

Asistir Conjugation in Spanish, Translations and Examples

Asistir Conjugation in Spanish, Translations and Examples Asistir is a Spanish verb that can mean- you guessed it- to assist or to help. But it is used more often for to attend or to go, as to an event, a school, or a class. It can also mean to attend to, such as in working to resolve a problem or in taking care of a medical patient. Asistir is conjugated regularly, so you can use  the charts here for  conjugating most other -ir verbs as well. Youll find listings here for all the simple tenses in both the indicative and subjunctive moods, such as the present, both types of the past (imperfect and preterite), the future, and the conditional. And of course, also included are the past participle, gerund, and periphrastic future as well as the commands or imperative mood. When talking about attending something, asistir is typically followed by the preposition a or the contraction al. As a verb for to help, asistir is somewhat formal. In informal situations, such as everyday speech, a more common verb is ayudar. In the conjugation charts below, the conjugation itself is the same for any of the meanings of  asistir, but the examples provided  apply to the most common use, to attend to. Present Indicative Tense of Asistir Yo asisto I attend Yo asisto al concierto de rock. T asistes You attend T asistes a la escuela. Usted/l/ella asiste You/he/she attends Ella asiste al gimnasio. Nosotros asistimos We attend Nosotros asistimos al juego. Vosotros asists You attend Vosotros asists a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asisten You/they attend Ellos asisten a la reunin. Asistir Preterite The preterite is one of the two simple past tenses and is used with actions that came to a clear end. Yo asist I attended Yo asist al concierto de rock. T asististe You attended T asististe a la escuela. Usted/l/ella asisti You/he/she attended Ella asisti al gimnasio. Nosotros asistimos We attended Nosotros asistimos al juego. Vosotros asististeis You attended Vosotros asististeis a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asistieron You/they attended Ellos asistieron a la reunin. Imperfect Indicative Form of Asistir The  imperfect  is the second simple past tense. One common use of the imperfect is to establish the background for another event. You normally would use the preterite to translate I attended the concert, but you could use the imperfect to indicate that as I was attending the concert, something else happened. Yo asista I was attending Yo asista al concierto de rock. T asistas You were attending T asistas a la escuela. Usted/l/ella asista You/he/she was attending Ella asista al gimnasio. Nosotros asistamos We were attending Nosotros asistamos al juego. Vosotros asistais You were attending Vosotros asistais a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asistan You/they were attending Ellos asistan a la reunin. Asistir Future Tense Yo asistir I will attend Yo asistir al concierto de rock. T asistirs You will attend T asistirs a la escuela. Usted/l/ella asistir You/he/she will attend Ella asistir al gimnasio. Nosotros asistiremos We will attend Nosotros asistiremos al juego. Vosotros asistiris You will attend Vosotros asistiris a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asistirn You/they will attend Ellos asistirn a la reunin. Periphrastic Future of Asistir Periphrastic is simply a way of saying something has more than one word. So this tense is simply ir a as the equivalent of Englishs going to. Yo voy a asistir I am going to attend Yo voy a asistir al concierto de rock. T vas a asistir You are going to attend T vas a asistir a la escuela. Usted/l/ella va a asistir You/he/she are/is going to attend Ella va a asistir al gimnasio. Nosotros vamos a asistir We are going to attend Nosotros vamos a asistir al juego. Vosotros vais a asistir You are going to attend Vosotros vais a asistir a la universidad. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a asistir You/they are going to attend Ellos van a asistir a la reunin. Present Progressive/Gerund Form of Asistir Gerund of asistir asistiendo assisting/attending Yo estoy asistiendo a los conciertos de rock. Past Participle of Asistir Past participles are combined with forms of haber. They indicate that the verbs action has been or will be completed. Participle of asistir asistido have attended Yo he asistido al  concierto de rock. Conditional  Indicative Form of Asistir Yo asistira I would attend Yo asistira al concierto de rock si tuviera dinero. T asistiras You would attend T asistiras a la escuela si tuvieras la edad. Usted/l/ella asistira You/he/she would attend Ella asistira al gimnasio si tuviera compaera. Nosotros asistiramos We would attend Nosotros asistiramos al juego si pudiramos comprar boletos. Vosotros asistirais You would attend Vosotros asistirais a la universidad si quisierais. Ustedes/ellos/ellas asistiran You/they would attend Ellos asistiran a la reunin si tuvieran tiempo. Present Subjunctive of Asistir Que yo asista That I attend Pedro quiere que yo asista al concierto de rock. Que t asistas That you attend Andrea quiere que t asistas a la escuela. Que usted/l/ella asista That you/he/she attend Ana quiere que ella asista al gimnasio. Que nosotros asistamos That we attend Ral quiere que asistamos al juego. Que vosotros asistis That you attend Selena quiere que vosotros asistis a la universidad. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas asistan That you/they attend Roberto quiere que ellos asistan a la reunin. Imperfect Subjunctive Form of Asistir Most of the time, you can use either one of the conjugations given below for the imperfect subjunctive. The first one is used more often. Option 1 Que yo asistiera That I attended Pedro quera que yo asistiera al concierto de rock. Que t asistieras That you attended Andrea quera que t asistieras a la escuela. Que usted/l/ella asistiera That you/he/she attended Ana quera que ella asistiera al gimnasio. Que nosotros asistiramos That we attended Ral quera que nosotros asistiramos al juego. Que vosotros asistierais That you attended Selena quera que vosotros asistierais a la universidad. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas asistieran That you/they attended Roberto quera que ellos asistieran a la reunin. Option 2 Que yo asistiese That I attended Pedro quera que yo asistiese al concierto de rock. Que t asistieses That you attended Andrea quera que t asistieses a la escuela. Que usted/l/ella asistiese That you/he/she attended Ana quera que ella asistiese a la escuela. Que nosotros asistisemos That we attended Ral quera que nosotros asistisemos al juego. Que vosotros asistieseis That you attended Selena quera que vosotros asistieseis a la universidad. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas asistiesen That you/they attended Roberto quera que ellos asistiesen a la reunin. Imperative Forms of Asistir Imperative (Positive Command) Yo T asiste Attend! Asiste al concierto! Usted asista Attend! Asista a la escuela! Nosotros asistamos Lets attend! Asistamos al juego! Vosotros asistid Attend! Asistid a la universidad! Ustedes asistan Attend! Asistan a la reunin! Imperative (Negative Command) Yo T no asistas Dont attend! No asistas al concierto! Usted no asista Dont attend! No asista a la escuela! Nosotros no asistamos Lets not attend! No asistamos al juego! Vosotros no asistis Dont attend! No asistis a la universidad! Ustedes no asistan Dont attend! No asistan a la reunin!

Substance Abuse in the Work Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Substance Abuse in the Work Place - Essay Example The first step is problem identification. Drug and alcohol abuse are the nation's number one health problem and the biggest detriment to productivity levels. Substance abuse is detrimental to both the employer and the employee. The cost of employees' substance abuse to business has been well documented. Drug and alcohol abuse is costing American business $39.1 billion annually in lost productivity; the human economic cost may well exceed $100 billion a year. The employer pays with lowered productivity, increased health care costs, increased accidents and absenteeism, and in many instances eventual loss of a valuable employee. The employee pays with the loss of his or her health, increased financial and family problems, loss of respect, and often his or her job (Ammerman 1999). According to some reports, about one fifth of the workforce may be affected by personal problems of one kind or another. Whether caused by substance abuse difficult working conditions, or personal problems at home, the effects of these problems on productivity can be high, and the costs to the employer can be great. Further, some kinds of "disabilities" may be protected by law from arbitrary employer reaction. Employee assistance programs have become increasingly common means for confronting these problems in a constructive, legal manner. There are a variety of issues, though, to be addressed if supervisors are to be able to take effective advantage of intervention programs. Risk Factors associated with Substance Abuse at Workplace The main risk factors associated with substance abuse at the workplace are injuries and safety concerns. On the one hand, alcohol abuse increases the risk of cancer at several sites. Most notably, abuse is responsible for 75 percent of the deaths from cancer of the esophagus and 50 percent of those from cancer of the larynx and the lip/oral cavity/pharynx. It also contributes to cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive system diseases and to fatal mental disorders. Not all alcohol-related injury deaths involve alcohol abusers; simple misuse is sometimes the culprit. Reviewing accidental deaths in New Jersey, Haberman found that although 53 percent of traffic fatalities and 47 percent of nontraffic fatalities showed evidence of alcohol use, that is the decedent had a Blood Alcohol Count (BAC) of 0.01 percent or greater, autopsies revealed that only 34 percent of the accident victims with positive BACs were alcoholics. Another interesting finding was that 29 percent of the accidentall y killed alcoholics had BACs of 0.00 percent--that is, they had not been drinking prior to their death. Yet their accidental death rate far exceeded that of nonalcoholics. Their physical and psychological characteristics, such as hangovers, seizures, visual disturbances, impulsiveness, distractability and aggressiveness, possibly make alcoholics more accident-prone even when sober. Roughly 20 percent of all alcohol-related deaths result from motor vehicle accidents (Ammerman 1999). Alcohol is also implicated in intentional injury deaths. That it has been demonstrated to increase aggression and induce depression partly explains its involvement in 46 percent of the homicides and 28 percent of the suicides, totalling 9,107 and 8,552 respective deaths. A

Danger from Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Danger from Terrorism - Essay Example Invoking national security, the government is supposed to have taken advantage of 9/11 and the generally negative perception of terrorism to invest some righteousness and enlist popular support for its anti-terrorist war that often run roughshod over individual human rights and civil liberties. Richard Posner of the Atlantic Monthly affirms that officials tend to exaggerate the dangers to national security. When surprised and hurt, we tend to overreact. "The greater the threat that an activity poses to national safety, the stronger will the grounds seem for seeking to repress that activity, even at some cost to liberty Legality must sometimes be sacrificed for other values (p. 2)." American history itself is replete with examples of such overreaction to security threats. There was Lincoln who faced the threat of secession by suspending the writ of habeas corpus. This triggered the Civil War. Officials in the modern era have learned their lessons from the past when their counterparts in the old days ignored the storm clouds in the horizon and paid dearly for it. The Japanese early posturing, for example, was glossed over and led to the Pearl Harbor disaster that triggered World War II.When Soviet missiles were installed in Cuba, the US shrugged its shoulder and regretted it when theit later grappled with the Cuban missile crisis. As for terrorism as it is known today, Posner notes that 9/11 indeed showed the US as 'in much greater jeopardy from international terrorism than was previously believed." However, the government must exercise some discretion and sensitivity in running after terrorists. There have been a good number of men who were labeled "terrorists" by the western media when they engaged in a struggle to liberate their countries, among them Nelson Mandela and Menachem Begin. Later, the same media called them "statesmen" when they assumed leadership of their liberated nations. Thus, "one man's terrorist may be another man's freedom fighter (Posner, 2001, ch. 2). Process of Terror Wikipedia says "Terrorism" comes from the French word terrorisme which is based on the Latin verb terrere (to frighten). It was first used by French officials to describe themselves as members of the Jacobin Club which ruled post-Revolution under a "Reign of Terror (1793-94)." The terrorist acts consisted mainly of illegal arrest and execution of dissidents as a means of coercing compliance. Before this, terrorist acts under different labels were carried out by the 1st century Zealots against the Roman occupiers of eastern Mediterranean, by the Islamic sect Hash-Ishiim (which became the root word for "assassin") against people who opposed their beliefs, and by the IRA precursor Irish Republican Brotherhood against the British to demand independence. (p.1) Terrorism in the modern sense is commonly described as an "immoral, wanton and unjustified political violence characterized as indiscriminate, targeting civilians and executing them with disregard for human life (Wikipedia, p. 2). On the other hand, those accused of such acts call themselves by other names, among them, freedom fighter, separatist, liberator, revolutionary, vigilante, militant, paramilitary, guerrilla, rebel, and in the Muslim world, jihadi and mujaheddin (engaged in a holy war) or fedayeen (prepared for martyrdom). For

Shigeru Miyamoto Essay Example for Free

Shigeru Miyamoto Essay Miyamoto is a Japanese game designer, famous for his well-known works such as Mario, Donkey Kong, The Legend Of Zelda and much more, therefore he works in the Product area. The New Mario Game Designed by Miyamoto One of his well known designs is the worldwide-known Mario, the lovable heroine was originally created by Miyamoto. This character was then adopted into 3D – 2D platform games, escalating into a movie and to what it is now. Miyamoto is also the designer of Wii series; this is a picture of him illustrating the Wii U. Miyamoto talking about the Wii U Within early childhood, Miyamoto grew up in a small country town of Sonobe, in Japan. The young boy had no access to a television, thus spending more time on exploring the rural area of his town. One day, in his usual adventures, he discovered a large series of caves. As a curious child, he lit a lamp and ventured inside. In elementary stage, Miyamoto had interest in conjuring objects that would surprise or shock everyone. Considering this interest, he began to have thoughts about becoming a puppeteer or a painter, soon later he started creating and making toys. After graduating within five years, Miyamoto studied in the area of Industrial Design, in Kanazawa Munici College. Miyamoto’s Quote that explains and highlights his imaginative thoughts and beliefs At the age of 24, he requested his father to organise a meeting with an old friend from the company of Nintendo, Hiroshi Yamauchi. Yamauchi then asks for a few designs, after being surprised by the male’s work, he recruited Miyamoto into the company, taking place of the first staff artist. His hobby from early age brought him to this stage, if he did not discover the countryside of his town; Miyamoto would not have developed the desire of creating something that could affect the world. This also distinguished him from many other game designers was that, he never exactly played video games when in young age, spending more time on other activities. One of the works accomplished by Miyamoto was as mentioned earlier, Mario. This famous and loved character is depicted as a plumber, revealed in an interview with the Game Hunters in New York, that Mario wasn’t originally a plumber. Mario (Right) Luigi (Left) Miyamoto begins to state that the technology back then was not as advanced as today and also not as much room to apply the details needed. Due to the limited size of the screen, he was only able to design a character with a big nose and moustache. The back ground was a construction site; therefore Mario was made into a carpenter. In 1983, the game had a character named Luigi and the game stage was set underground, thus the decision to make Mario a plumber instead. A statue of Mario in a game shop, indicating how popular the character designed by Miyamoto has become Another moderated design that was applied to the small character was the red hat. Miyamoto reveals that this was to the efficiency of the technology available back then, the red hat was purposefully placed on the character to avoid having to animate the hair, drawing the eyebrows. The addition made the process and designing more easy and convenient. A question asked was that, if Miyamoto was Japanese, then why were the brothers (Mario and Luigi) Italian? The game designer finally replies that, ever since young age, he was a boy who was interested in foreign comics. Thus, this can be implied that his childhood memoirs influenced his design. A design philosophy conveyed in his designs is to give balance and equality to two factors. The two factors are the sense of familiarity and the new features within a game. As well as challenging the player, without until to the extent of forcing them to their absolute limit. This is an important philosophy for Miyamoto. The current design trend is the Nintendo 3Ds, and due to the works of Miyamoto, Nintendo has evolved and become more popular. As the game has become world-wide and most well-known in the Nintendo district. Some even believe that Nintendo depends too much upon the Japanese designer.

The Relationship between Hamlet and the Bible. Essay -- GCSE Coursewor

The Relationship between Hamlet and the Bible.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It may appear that anything could be twisted into a typological pattern. Such interpretations appear to suffer from the structuralist faults of skating too lightly over actual texts, ignoring details that cannot be forced into a preconceived mold, and robbing narratives of their concrete shapes through abstraction. I would stress that there is more to Shakespeare than typology, but I would also insist that typology is often an important part of his drama. To make this claim plausible, however, requires more detailed attention to the text of his plays. In what follows, I will call attention to the textual and dramatic details that justify a typological reading of Hamlet. Claudius's murder of King Hamlet, the act catalyzing the drama of the play, is presented as a  sin of primordial character and cosmic implications. Claudius confesses that his fratricide parallels the murder of Abel: O, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven; It hath the primal eldest curse upon 't, A brother's murder (3.3.36-38). Hamlet's description of his psychological condition at the beginning of the play pushes the imagery back to the beginning of biblical history: How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world! Fie on 't! Ah fie! 'Tis an unweeded garden, That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely (1.2.135-37). Claudius has not only committed fratricide, but regicide. The king being peculiarly the image of God, regicide is a kind of deicide. At least, it is an act of rebellion against divine authority. Claudius is thus not only Cain but Adam.(7) Claudius's sin has, for Hamlet at least, turned Denma... ...y identical to all the other links." (A Theater of Envy, p. 273). Works Cited Erlich, Avi. 1977. Hamlet's Absent Father. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Fineman, Joel. 1980. 'Fratricide and Cuckoldry: Shakespeare's Doubles.' In Representing Shakespeare: New Psychoanalytic Essays, edited by Coppelia Kahn and Murray M. Schwarz. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 70-109. Fleissner, Robert. 1982. ' "Sullied" Or "Solid": Hamlet's Flesh Once More.' Hamlet Studies 4:92-3. Fowler, Alastair. 1987. 'The Plays Within the Play of Hamlet.' In 'Fanned and Winnowed Opinions': Shakespearean Essays Presented to Harold Jenkins, edited by John W. Mahon and Thomas A. Pendleton. London and New York: Methuen. Freud, Sigmund. 1953-74. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works. 24 vols, trans. James Stachey. London: Hogarth.   

Politics/Amendment Essay

A written overview of the amendment in question. What does it say specifically?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides, â€Å"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence† (Sixth Amendment, U.S. Constitution). The rights enumerated under this amendment refer to the codified rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions. Generally the Bill of Rights was incorporated in the Constitution on account of the belief that it was necessary to limit the investigatory and prosecutorial powers of the federal government (Oxford Companion, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rights of the accused in criminal prosecution are: â€Å"1) right to a speedy trial; 2) right to a public trial; 3) right to a trial by jury; 4) notice of the accusation; (5) right to confront the opposing witnesses; 6) right to compulsory process for obtaining favorable witnesses; and (7) the assistance of counsel or right to counsel† (Oxford Companion, 2005). The right to a speedy trial prevents oppressive incarceration before trial and ensures defense by the accused of his cause. The right to a public trial acts as a safeguard against abuse of judicial power. Moreover, it also assures the accused that he is informed of the charges against him. This is part of due process (Oxford Companion, 2005). The right to confront opposing witnesses refers to the right of the accused to cross examine said witnesses. He is also entitled to subpoena witnesses in his behalf (Oxford Companion, 2005). Finally, the accused is also entitled to be represented by counsel or a lawyer. This shall be lengthily discussed in another section of this paper. When did it become part of the Constitution?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This amendment was ratified and adopted in the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution in 1791 (Oxford Companion, 2005). It was part of the first ten amendments included in the Constitution. The Bill of Rights was actually proposed by James Madison. The group known as Anti-Federalists threatened that if these rights were not included in the Constitution, their states will not ratify the new Constitution. They needed clear safeguards against the vast powers of government. After a compromise was agreed upon, the Constitution was ratified in 1789 but the Bill of Rights was incorporated later and went into effect after it was ratified on December 15, 1791 (National Archives web site, n.d.). 3. What cases have come before the Supreme Court in which this particular amendment was applied?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before the ratification of the Sixth Amendment, two statutes were enacted which in effect accorded the assistance of counsel to those accused (USGPO web site, 2005). The Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed the defendant to plead his case in a federal court either personally or by counsel. On the other hand, the Act of 1790 allowed the defendant charged with treason or other capital crime to be defended by counsel which the court will assign to him (USGPO web site, 2005). Even with the ratification of the Sixth Amendment, the right to counsel has limited application. It was only in the 1930s that the Supreme Court developed and enlarged the scope of the Sixth Amendment by virtue of jurisprudence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Powell v. Alabama, the Court set aside the convictions of eight youthful offenders since the trial was conducted in a hasty manner and the defendants were not assisted by counsel. The Court further ruled that there was denial of due process considering that the right to be heard is meaningless if it did not entail the right to be heard by counsel [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. The Court succinctly explained that even if a man is intelligent and learned he may not be skilled in the science of law and may be indicted on an erroneous charge or be convicted based on incompetent evidence. More so, the defendants who are young, indigents, illiterates and are faced with an atmosphere of hostility away from their relatives [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. Thus, it was stressed that it is imperative to be represented by counsel and it imposes a duty upon the Court, whether requested or not to appoint and assign a counsel otherwise, it becomes tantamount to a denial of due process [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. In the case of Johnson v. Zerbst, the Court enunciated the absolute rule of appointing counsel for all federal criminal defendants. Moreover, it ruled that a waiver of such right must be clear and cannot be presumed from silence of the defendant [304 U.S. 458 (1938)].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Betts v. Brady and Progeny, the Court ruled that â€Å"the appointment of counsel is not a fundamental right essential to a fair trial† [316 U.S. 455 (1942)]. It laid down the principle that the right to be represented by counsel is not necessary in state cases involving non capital offenses except in special circumstances. This ruling was held later on after criticisms, to apply only to the incompetents such as the illiterates and retardates or to grant relief in cases of judicial abuse of power [316 U.S. 455 (1942)].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Hamilton v. Alabama, the rule was in capital cases, the Court must appoint a counsel for the defendant even without proof that defendant may be prejudiced without such appointment or even if the defendant failed to request that one be appointed as his counsel [368 U.S. 52 (1961)].The â€Å"special circumstances rule† was held to apply only in non capital offenses [368 U.S. 52 (1961)].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the cases, Moore v. Michigan, 355 U.S. 155 (1957) and Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 350 (1963), the Court has laid down the three categories which may be deemed as prejudicial and thus, necessitating the appointment of counsel, namely: â€Å"(1) the personal characteristics of the defendant which made it unlikely he could obtain an adequate defense of his own, (2) the technical complexity of the charges or of possible defenses to the charges, and (3) events occurring at trial that raised problems of prejudice† (USGPO web site, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ruling of the Court in the Betts case was overturned in the landmark case of Gideon v. Wainwright.   The Court in abandoning the Betts reasoning held that the right to assistance of counsel is imperative, basic and fundamental and that the Fourteenth Amendment requires that the same be available and applicable in state courts. In 1972 this ruling was held to apply to misdemeanor and serious misdemeanor cases provided that it carried a penalty of imprisonment [Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972)]. Additionally, the Gideon ruling was also held to apply to youthful offenders in juvenile delinquency litigation in the case of   In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967). What, if any connection is there between this constitutional issue and education?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The constitutional issue of the right to assistance of counsel is related to education. The study of law requires knowledge, skill and experience in trial proceedings. Even an educated and intelligent man who is not properly educated and trained in law is considered incompetent and unable to defend himself. Courts are created to punish and deprive the guilty of their liberties through imprisonment and other imposable penalties. Thus, it is imperative that if a person is charged with an offense in court he must be able to put a defense and be heard by a properly trained counsel. To deprive him of this would be tantamount to depriving him of due process and would render nugatory the basic tenets of the Bill of Rights. A person charged of an offense would need the expertise of a counsel so that he does not risk himself of being convicted even if he be innocent simply because he does not know how to establish his innocence. More so an uneducated man, a feeble minded person or an indigent. Consequently, it becomes the duty of the court to appoint counsel so that such person may not be denied due process.   References    Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972) Betts v. Brady and Progeny, 316 U.S. 455 (1942) Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 350 (1963) Hamilton v. Alabama, 368 U.S. 52 (1961) In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967). Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458 (1938) Moore v. Michigan, 355 U.S. 155 (1957) National Archives and Records Administration web site. ‘Bill of rights.’ Retrieved on November 16, 2007, from http://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/bill_of_rights.html Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press, 2005. Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932) U.S. Government Printing Office web site. ‘Sixth amendment: Rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions† 2002. Retrieved on November 16, 2007, from http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/pdf2002/024.pdf

Toltec Art, Sculpture and Architecture

The Toltec civilization dominated Central Mexico from its capital city of Tula from about 900 to 1150 A.D.. The Toltecs were a warrior culture, who dominated their neighbors militarily and demanded tribute. Their gods included Quetzalcoatl, Tezcatlipoca, and Tlaloc. Toltec artisans were skilled builders, potters, and stonemasons and they left behind an impressive artistic legacy.   Motifs in Toltec Art The Toltecs were a warrior culture with dark, ruthless gods who demanded conquest and sacrifice. Their art reflected this: there are many depictions of gods, warriors, and priests in Toltec art. A partially destroyed relief at Building 4 depicts a procession leading towards a man dressed as a feathered serpent, most likely a priest of Quetzalcoatl. The most iconic piece of surviving Toltec art, the four massive Atalante statues at Tula, depict fully-armored warriors with traditional weapons and armor, including the atlà ¡tl dart-thrower. The Looting of the Toltec Unfortunately, much Toltec art has been lost. Comparatively, much art from the Maya and Aztec cultures survives to this day, and even the monumental heads and other sculptures of the ancient Olmec can still be appreciated. Any Toltec written records, similar to the Aztec, Mixtec and Maya codices, have been lost to time or burned by zealous Spanish priests. In about 1150 A.D., the mighty Toltec city of Tula was destroyed by invaders of unknown origin, and many murals and finer pieces of art were destroyed. The Aztecs held the Toltecs in high regard, and periodically raided the ruins of Tula to carry off stone carvings and other pieces to be used elsewhere. Finally, looters from the colonial period to the modern day have stolen priceless works for sale on the black market. In spite of this persistent cultural destruction, enough examples of Toltec art remain to attest to their artistic mastery. Toltec Architecture The great culture that immediately preceded the Toltec in Central Mexico was that of the mighty city of Teotihuacà ¡n. After the fall of the great city in about 750 A.D., many of the descendants of the Teotihuacanos participated in the founding of Tula and the Toltec civilization. Therefore, it is no surprise that the Toltecs borrowed heavily from Teotihuacan architecturally. The main square is laid out in a similar pattern, and Pyramid C at Tula, the most important one, has the same orientation as the ones at Teotihuacà ¡n, which is to say a 17 ° deviation towards the east. Toltec pyramids and palaces were impressive buildings, with colorfully painted relief sculptures adorning the fringes and mighty statues holding up the roofs. Toltec Pottery Thousands of pieces of pottery, some intact but mostly broken, have been found at Tula. Some of these pieces were made in far distant lands and brought there through trade or tribute, but there is evidence that Tula had its own pottery industry. The later Aztecs thought highly of their skills, claiming that Toltec artisans taught the clay to lie. The Toltecs produced Mazapan-type pottery for internal use and export: other types discovered at Tula, including Plumbate and Papagayo Polychrome, were produced elsewhere and arrived at Tula through trade or tribute. The Toltec potters produced a variety of items, including pieces with remarkable faces. Toltec Sculpture Of all of the surviving pieces of Toltec art, the sculptures and stone carvings have best survived the test of time. In spite of repeated looting, Tula is rich in statues and art preserved in stone. Atalantes: perhaps the best-known surviving piece of Toltec art are the four Atalantes, or stone statues, which grace the top of Pyramid B at Tula. These tall human statues represent high-ranking Toltec warriors.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chac Mool: Seven complete or partial Chac Mool style statues were found at Tula. These sculptures, depicting a reclining man holding a receptacle, were used for sacrifices, including human sacrifices. Chac Mools are associated with the cult of Tlaloc.Relief and Friezes: The Toltec were great artists when it came to reliefs and friezes. One excellent surviving example is the Coatepantli, or Wall of Serpents of Tula. The elaborate wall, which delineated the sacred precinct of the city, is richly decorated with geometric designs and carved images of snakes devouring human skeletons. Other reliefs and friezes include the partial frieze from building 4 at Tula, which once depicted a procession towards a man dressed as a plumed serpent, probably a priest of Quetzalcoatl . Sources Charles River Editors. The History and Culture of the Toltec. Lexington: Charles River Editors, 2014.Cobean, Robert H., Elizabeth Jimà ©nez Garcà ­a and Alba Guadalupe Mastache. Tula. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2012.Coe, Michael D and Rex Koontz. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008Davies, Nigel. The Toltecs: Until the Fall of Tula. Norman: the University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.Gamboa Cabezas, Luis Manuel. El Palacio Quemado, Tula: Seis Decadas de Investigaciones. Arqueologia Mexicana XV-85 (May-June 2007). 43-47